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Minnesota Biodiversity Atlas

Bell Museum

Includes taxa from following child checklists:
Authors: Anita Cholewa, George Weiblen, Katie Noren & Timothy Whitfeld
Less Details
Locality: Minnesota
Abstract:

A comprehensive, annotated list of the vascular plants known, or reported, to occur in Minnesota
as native, naturalized, or adventive species.

Family membership is according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (Bot. J.
Linnean Soc. 141: 399-436, 2003) and species names are based on published volumes of the
Flora of North America (FNA), recent journals for changes after FNA publication (if accepted by major
taxonomic indices), and Gleason and Cronquist 1991 for others. Although not all taxonomists
may agree with FNA, a wide array of experts from many areas have been consulted and this
consequently represents the most up-to-date understanding of our flora.

The checklist was originally developed as a document by Anita Cholewa and was subsequently
translated into a relational database format by George Weiblen and Katie Noren.
Timothy Whitfeld continues to improve the checklist as new volumes of FNA are published.

Common names as given in the USDA-NRCS Plants database (2008) are also provided,
followed by other common names widely used, or by Native American names.

Protection status is indicated for species listed as either endangered, threatened or
of special concern by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

Click on a scientific name to view specimens and a distribution map.


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Families: 159
Genera: 811
Species: 2693
Total Taxa (details): 2877

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native to far eastern US; known only from Lake Co. (one population, collected 1952, consists of single poor specimen)
Many insects visit the flowers, including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, small to medium-sized butterflies, and skippers. These insects seek nectar primarily, although the bees also collect pollen. Many kinds of insects feed on the foliage and other parts of asters, including the caterpillars of the butterfly Chlosyne nycteis (Silvery Checkerspot) and many moth species., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/aromatic_asterx.htm
vars. not recognized
erroneous report
Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum - hairy white oldfield aster
known only from Winona Co. (one park population, collected 1914)
several varieties have been proposed but more work is needed to establish their validity
northwest limit of distribution; special concern
(S. ericoides x novae-angliae)
(S. boreale x puniceum) known only from MN and WI
native to Eurasia and north Africa
Tanacetum vulgare L. - common tansy
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1875, Hennepin Co.; plant oil poisonous
native to Europe
native to Europe
native to western Great Plains and southwestern US; known only from Sherburne Co., Sherburne National Wildlfie Refuge (last collected 2001), introduced with wildlife planting
native to Europe
Tragopogon porrifolius L. - vegetable oyster
to be expected on heavily disturbed sites (naturalized across much of North America and known from surrounding states and provinces); native to Europe and north Africa; known to hybridize with both T. dubius and T. pratensis
native to Europe
native to Europe
misapplied to the regional flora, see T. inodorum; misapplied name
misapplied; see T. inodorum
native to Eurasia; known only from Wright Co. (one agricultural-field population, collected 1913)
Vernonia baldwinii Torrey - western ironweed
native from central to southwestern Great Plains; vars. not recognized; rare historic record
Vernonia fasciculata Michaux - bunched ironweed
The flowers attract long-tongued bees, butterflies, and skippers primarily. Other visitors include bee flies and Halictid bees. These insects seek nectar, although bees also collect pollen. Among the long-tongued bees, are such visitors as bumblebees, Epeoline cuckoo bees, Miner bees, and large Leaf-Cutting bees. An oligolectic bee of Ironweeds is Melissodes vernoniae. The caterpillars of several moths feed on Ironweed, including Grammia parthenice (Parthenice Tiger Moth) and Perigea xanthioides (Red Groundling). Caterpillars that bore into the roots or stems of Ironweed include Papaipema cerussata (Ironweed Borer Moth), Carmenta bassiformis (Eupatorium Borer Moth), and some Polygrammodes spp. (Pyralid Moths)., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/sm_ironweedx.htm
special concern
Xanthium strumarium L. - common cocklebur
state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1886; highly toxic to livestock; vars. Not recognized
northwest limit of distribution; threatened
Azolla caroliniana Willdenow - Carolina mosquitofern
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; widespread in eastern US and more cold tolerant than A. mexicana, from which it differs in megaspore traits; unfortunately sporocarps are rarely collected but necessary for identification
Azolla mexicana C. Presl - Mexican mosquitofern
some of our specimens probably A. caroliniana (see comments under Azolla caroliniana); special concern
Impatiens balfourii Hook.f. - Balfour's touch-me-not
Impatiens glandulifera Royle - Himalayan balsam
native to Himalayan region; known only from the Caribou River in Lake Co. (collected 2008); can become extremely invasive in milder environments
Impatiens pallida Nuttall - pale touch me not
Berberis repens Lindley - creeping Oregon grape
native to western US; reported for Minnesota by MN-DNR and FNA but no specimens at MIN
native to Japan
Berberis vulgaris L. - European barberry
native to Europe
special concern
Podophyllum peltatum L. - American mandrake
roots and leaves poisonous
native to Europe; reported as naturalized in east-central Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN
Upland-Conifer Forest, Birch Family
Betula cordifolia Regel - heartleaf birch
misapplied to our flora, see B. pumila; misapplied name
Betula nana L. - dwarf birch
erroneous report
Betula nigra L. - river birch
Many kinds of insects feed on various parts of River Birch, especially the caterpillars of many moths. Other insect feeders include the caterpillars of the butterfly Nymphalis antiopa (Mourning Cloak), the larvae of sawflies, the grubs of wood-boring beetles, leaf beetles, plant bugs, shield bugs, leafhoppers, aphids, and others., source: https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/river_birch.htm
Oak Savanna or Upland-Conifer Forest, Bé-tu-la, ancient Latin name; pa-py-rí-fe-ra, bearing paper, Birch Family
native to Europe; known only from Houston Co. (one roadside population, collected 1920)
Betula pumila L. - bog birch
(B. alleghaniensis x pumila)
(B. cordifolia x papyrifera); taxonomic status uncertain, not included in FNA or USDA-NRCS; known only from Cook Co. (last collected 2000)
Betula x sandbergii Britton - Sandberg's birch
(B. papyrifera x pumila)
Carpinus caroliniana Walter - American hornbeam
Corylus americana Walter - American hazel
Oak Savanna or Upland-Conifer Forest, Có-ry-lus, the ancient name, perhaps from the Greek corys, a helmet, for the shape of the involucre around the nut; a-me-ri-cà-na, American
Corylus cornuta Marshall - beaked hazelnut
Upland-Conifer Forest, Birch Family
Oak Savanna, Ós-try-a, ancient Greek name for a tree with very hard wood, vir-gi-ni-àn-a, Virginian
Catalpa ovata G. Don - Chinese catalpa
native to China; known only from Houston Co. (one population, collected 1979, no further data, probably cultivated and not escaping)
native to southern US
native to Europe
Asperugo procumbens L. - German-madwort
native to Eurasia; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN
Borago officinalis L. - common borage
native to Europe; doubtfully persisting
report unverified
native to Europe; leaves and roots potentially toxic and may cause skin irritation
Echium vulgare L. - blue weed
native to southern Europe; plant toxic
Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt. - narrowleaf yerba santa
Hydrophyllum virginianum L. - eastern waterleaf
native to Eurasia
Lithospermum officinale L. - European stoneseed
native to Eurasia; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN
Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill - field forget-me-not
native to Eurasia
Myosotis laxa J.G.C. Lehmann - small forget me not
Myosotis scorpioides L. - true forget-me-not
native to Europe
native to Eurasia
Myosotis verna Nuttall - Virginia forget me not
Onosmodium bejariense DC. - soft-hair marbleseed
threatened
special concern
Symphytum asperum Lepechin - prickly comfrey
native to Caucasus Mountains; known only from Goodhue Co. (historical collection from 1881)
Symphytum officinale L. - common comfrey
native to Eurasia
native to Europe; state DOA noxious weed, first collected 1933, Hennepin Co.
native to Europe
Alyssum desertorum Stapf - desert madwort
Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. lyrata - lyre leaved rockcress
native to Eurasia; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN
Arabis divaricarpa A. Nelson - spreadingpod rockcress
misapplied; see Boechera grahamii
special concern
Arabis perstellata E.L. Braun - stellate rockcress
misapplied; see Boechera dentata
Arabis pycnocarpa M. Hopkins - creamflower rockcress
known only from Waseca Co. (historical collection from 1891), probably a waif, natural distribution is IA to OH and southward
native to Eurasia; poisonous to livestock
Barbarea vulgaris W.T. Aiton - garden yellowrocket
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1877, Hennepin Co.; vars. not recognized
native to Europe; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1894, Ramsey Co.
known only from Cook Co. (one cliffside population, collected 1938); rare historic record
misapplied to our flora, see B. grahamii; misapplied name
known only from Pine Co. (one roadside population, collected 1980)
native to Asia; raw seeds somewhat toxic to livestock but cultivated as an oil crop and for condiments
native to Mediterranean; known only from Pennington and St. Louis counties (city weeds, last collected 2009), doubtfully persisting; seeds somewhat toxic to livestock; supsp. not recognized
native to Europe; seeds somewhat toxic to livestock
native to Eurasia; occasional escape from cultivation; cultivars sometimes recognized as vars.
Brassica rapa L. - broccoli
native to Europe; raw seeds poisonous but commonly cultivated as a oil crop
native to Europe; known only from Chisago Co. (historical collections from 1885)
Camelina microcarpa de Candolle - small seed false flax
native to Europe
Camelina rumelica Velen. - graceful false flax
native to Eurasia; known only from St. Louis Co., doubltfully persisting; only known specimen at DUL
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz - large seed false flax
native to Eurasia
native to southern Europe
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS and FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, IL, WI
Cardamine douglassii Britt. - limestone bittercress
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, WI, IA
Cardamine flexuosa Withering - woodland bittercress
Cardamine impatiens L. - narrowleaf bittercress
native to Eurasia; invasive with explosively dehiscent fruits; known only from Ramsey Co. (along Mississippi River in St. Paul, first collected 2008); vars. not recognized
Cardamine parviflora L. - small flowered bittercress
vars. not recognized
Cardamine pratensis L. - cuckoo flower
disjunct from MI, and OH eastward; however, most populations in US introduced from Europe; vars. not recognized; threatened
native to Eurasia; known only from Ramsey Co. (one lawn population, collected 1988), doubtfully persisting
native to Eurasia
known only from St. Louis Co. (last collected 1936)
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1932, Dakota Co.
native to Europe; known only from Martin Co. (one lawn population, collected 1957), doubtfully persisting
Draba arabisans Michaux - Arabian whitlow grass
vars. not recognized; special concern
Draba cana Rydberg - hairy whitlow grass
endangered
Draba incana L. - twisted draba
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from Manitoba and Ontario on rock outcrops and gravelly lakeshores
Draba nemorosa L. - yellow whitlow grass
vars. not recognized
Draba norvegica Gunnerus - Norwegian whitlow grass
disjunct from the high-arctic of Canada; known only from Cook Co. (last collected 1998); vars. not recognized; endangered
Draba reptans (Lamarck) Fernald - Carolina whitlow grass
vars. not recognized
Draba verna L. - European whitlow grass
native to Eurasia; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one campground population, collected 2001), doubtfully persisting
native to Europe
Erysimum cheiranthoides L. - wormseed mustard
native to Europe
Hesperis matronalis L. - dames rocket
native to Eurasia
Iberis umbellata L. - globe candytuft
native to Europe; reported for Minnesota by Lakela 1965 as an occasional garden escape near Ely but no specimens at MIN; doubtfully persisting
northwest limit of distribution; endangered
native to Eurasia; seeds somewhat toxic to livestock
Lepidium densiflorum Schrader - green flowered peppergrass
seeds somewhat toxic to livestock
Lepidium draba L. - hoary cress
native to Mediterranean region
Lepidium perfoliatum L. - clasping peppergrass
native to Eurasia; known only from Clay Co. (one railroad population, collected 1958), doubtfully persisting; seeds somewhat toxic to livestock
Lepidium ramosissimum A. Nelson - manybranched pepperweed
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN
Lepidium sativum L. - garden cress
native to Eurasia; seeds somewhat toxic to livestock
Lepidium virginicum L. - Virginia pepperweed
seeds somewhat toxic to livestock
native to Mediterranean region
Lunaria annua L. - money plant
native to southeastern Europe; known only from Hennepin Co. (one population, collected 1941), doubtfully persisting
native to Europe
Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton - small leaved watercress
native to Eurasia
native to western Asia
disjunct from Great Plains westward; endangered
Raphanus raphanistrum L. - jointed charlock
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1888, Anoka Co.
Raphanus sativus L. - garden radish
native to Eurasia; doubtfully persisting
known only from Wilkin Co. (one population, collected 1981)
Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser - Austrian yellowcress
native to Europe; known only from Pipestone Co. (one riverside population, collected 1964)
Rorippa curvipes Greene - bluntleaf yellowcress
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek - small leaved watercress
misapplied; see Nasturtium officinale
Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser - Icelandic yellow cress
Rorippa sessiliflora (Nuttall) Hitchcock - sessile flowered yellow cress
known only from historical collections to 1891; special concern
Rorippa sinuata (Nuttall) Hitchcock - spreading yellowcress
Rorippa sphaerocarpa (A.Gray) Britton - roundfruit yellowcress
no specimens deposited at MIN; perhaps a significant range extension from the southwest and western US; DNR watch list
Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser - creeping yellowcress
native to Eurasia; DNR watch list
Sinapis alba L. - white mustard
native to Europe; known only from Ramsey Co. (one agricultural population, collected 1981), doubtfully persisting
Sinapis arvensis L. - wild mustard
native to Europe; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1877, Hennepin Co.
Sisymbrium altissimum L. - tall tumblemustard
native to Eurasia
Sisymbrium loeselii L. - tall hedge mustard
native to eastern Mediterranean region
native to Mediterranean region
Subularia aquatica L. - water-awlwort
Thlaspi arvense L. - field pennycress
native to Eurasia; state DOA restricted weed, first collected 1883, Goodhue Co.; seeds somewhat toxic to livestock
Turritis glabra L. - tower rockcress
Butomus umbellatus L. - flowering rush
native to Eurasia; on MN-DNR Prohibited Invasive Species list; first collected 1972, Rice Co.
native to China and Japan; occasionally escaping from cultivation but no specimens at MIN
erroneous report
eastern limit of distribution; endangered
endangered
Opuntia macrorhiza Engelmann - twistspine pricklypear
misapplied to our flora fide FNA, see O. humifusa; some taxonomists (B. Parfitt, pers. comm.) do not believe this is a separate species from O. humifusa but instead represents a color phase but this is unresolved; plants with flower color of O. macrorhi; misapplied name; special concern
Campanula aparinoides Pursh - marsh bellflower
Campanula cervicaria L. - bristly bellflower
native to Europe
Campanula glomerata L. - clustered bellflower
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (one population in former agricultural test plots, collected 2004)
Campanula persicifolia L. - peachleaf bellflower
native to Asia; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; collected 2009)
Campanula rapunculoides L. - European bellflower
native to Eurasia; known to be an aggressive invader in other regions
Harebells are pollinated by hummingbirds and bees (specifically leafcutter, digger, green sweat and carpenter bees), and also attract various fly species., source: http://www.prairiepollination.ca/plante-plant/campanule_a_feuilles_rondes-harebell/, source: http://www.restoringthelandscape.com/2013/01/harebell-campanula-rotundifolia.html
Triodanis leptocarpa (Nuttall) Nieuwland - slimpod Venus' looking-glass
Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwland - clasping Venus' looking-glass
There is little information about floral-faunal relationships for Hemp. The wind-pollinated flowers aren't thought to attract many insect pollinators but, in fact, the 'male' plants are teaming with pollen-collecting bees when the male flowers release copious amounts of pale yellow pollen in season., source: George Weiblen (personal observation) & http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/hemp.htm
Celtis occidentalis L. - eastern hackberry
native to eastern Asia; known only from Fillmore Co. (one riverside population, collected 1992)
Humulus lupulus L. - common hops
report unverified
Lonicera caerulea L. - sweetberry honeysuckle
native to eastern Siberia; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one population collected 2009)
Lonicera dioica L. - wild honeysuckle
erroneously called Japanese honeysuckle by some
Lonicera hirsuta Eaton - hairy honeysuckle
Not native in Minnesota. Likely occur in Minnesota., source: minnesotawildflowers.info
Lonicera morrowii A. Gray - Morrow's honeysuckle
native to Japan
Lonicera reticulata Raf. - grape honeysuckle
Lonicera sempervirens L. - trumpet honeysuckle
Lonicera tatarica L. - Tatarian honeysuckle
native to Eurasia
Lonicera villosa (Michx.) Schult. - mountain fly honeysuckle
Lonicera villosa var. tonsa Fernald - sweetberry honeysuckle
Lonicera x bella Zabel - belle honeysuckle
(L. morrowii x tatarica); parents native to Eurasia
Lonicera x salicifolia Dieck ex Zabel - willow-leaf honeysuckle
(L. ruprechtiana x xylosteoides) native to Eurasia; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one population collected 2010); only specimen at DUL
Lonicera xylosteum L. - European honeysuckle
native to Europe
Triosteum aurantiacum E.P. Bicknell - orange fruit horse gentian
Triosteum aurantiacum var. aurantiacum - orangefruit horse-gentian
Triosteum perfoliatum L. - horse gentian
Agrostemma githago L. - common corncockle
native to Eurasia; (last collected 1912) becoming less common in North America due to herbicide and seed screening protocols; seeds toxic, contain saponin
Arenaria serpyllifolia L. - thyme-leaf sandwort
native to Eurasia and Africa
Cerastium arvense L. - starry grasswort
native to western Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; last collected 2009)
Cerastium fontanum Baumgarten - common mouse-ear chickweed
status: not endemic; distribution: not evaluated; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: none; reference: none; expert comment: none; basionym published: year not recorded
Cerastium nutans Rafinesque - nodding chickweed
Cerastium nutans var. nutans - nodding mouse ear chickweed
Cerastium velutinum var. velutinum - large field mouse ear chickweed
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, IA, MI
Dianthus armeria L. - Deptford pink
native to Eurasia
Dianthus barbatus L. - sweet william
native to Eurasia; doubtfully persisting
Dianthus deltoides L. - maiden pink
native to Europe; doubtfully persisting
native to Eurasia; doubtfully persisting
Gypsophila muralis L. - wall baby's breath
native to Eurasia; doubtfully persisting
Gypsophila paniculata L. - perennial baby
native to Eurasia
threatened
Minuartia michauxii (Fenzl) Farw. - Michaux's stitchwort
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from WI, IA, SD; to be expected along the southern border on calcareous gravel and ledges; erroneous record
Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattfeld - pitcher's stitchwort
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from WI, IL
threatened
native to Eurasia
Paronychia canadensis (L.) Alph. Wood - Canadian forked chickweed
northwest limit of distribution; endangered
northwest limit of distribution; known only from Washington Co. (last collected 1981); endangered
native to Eurasia; known only from St. Louis Co. (historical collections to 1940)
Sagina nodosa (L.) Fenzl - knotted pearlwort
disjunct from arctic Canada; endangered
Sagina procumbens L. - matted pearlwort
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; last collected 2003)
native to Eurasia; plants used as a liquid soap but toxic as contain saponin
Scleranthus annuus L. - German knotgrass
native to Eurasia
Not native in Minnesota., source: minnesotawildflowers.info
Silene antirrhina L. - sleepy catchfly
Silene armeria L. - sweet william catchfly
native to Europe
native to Asia; although perennial doubtfully persisting more than a few years
Silene csereii Baumgarten - smooth catchfly
native to southeastern Europe
native to Europe
Silene drummondii Hooker - Drummond's campion
eastern limit of distribution; special concern
native to Europe; known only from Aitkin Co. (one old-field population, collected 2005)
Silene latifolia Poiret - white campion
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: Drinkell; reference: FM vol. 16 - 2002 p.42; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1789
northwest limit of distribution; threatened
Silene noctiflora L. - sticky cockle
native to Europe; state DOA noxious weed, first collected 1878, Hennepin Co.
vars. not recognized
Spergula arvensis L. - corn spurry
native to Eurasia
to be expected as a widespread weed (known from nearly all states and provinces); native to Eurasia
Stellaria alsine Grimm - alsine chickweed
native to eastern Canada, US
Stellaria borealis - boreal starwort
frequently hybridizes with S. longifolia, though no hybrids reported for Minnesota
Stellaria crassifolia Ehrhart - fleshy leaved starwort
Stellaria graminea L. - lesser stitchwort
native to Europe
frequently hybridizes with S. borealis, though no hybrids reported for Minnesota
Stellaria longipes Goldie - longstalk starwort
special concern
Stellaria media (L.) Villars - common chickweed
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG & Indonesia; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: Drinkell; reference: FM Portal; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753
Stellaria pubera Michx. - star chickweed
erroneous report
native to Eurasia
Celastrus orbiculatus Thunberg - Asian bittersweet
native to Asia; known only from Hennepin Co. (one city-park population, collected 2002)
Celastrus scandens L. - American bittersweet
fruit toxic, possibly other parts
native to eastern Asia; known only from St. Louis Co. (collected 2007)
bark, fruits, seeds poisonous
Parnassia glauca Raf. - American grass of parnassus
Parnassia palustris L. - smallflower grass of Parnassus
Parnassia parviflora DC. - smallflower grass of Parnassus
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG & Indonesia; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: aquatic; verified by: Walsingham; reference: POWOP/IPNI/WCSP; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753
special concern
Hudsonia tomentosa Nuttall - sand golden heather
threatened
Lechea tenuifolia Michaux - narrowleaf pinweed
endangered
endangered
Polanisia dodecandra (L.) de Candolle - red whisker clammyweed
northern limit of distribution; endangered
Upland-Conifer Forest, Lily Family
erroneous report
Commelina communis L. - Asiatic dayflower
native to Asia
Commelina erecta L. - slender dayflower
known only from Wabasha Co. (last collected 1996); endangered
Tradescantia bracteata Small - sticky spiderwort
The most important pollinators of the flowers are long-tongued bees, especially bumblebees. Other visitors include Halictine bees and Syrphid flies. However, the Syrphid flies feed on stray pollen and are non-pollinating. Spiderwort is rarely bothered by insects, although Lema collaris (Leaf Beetle sp.) reportedly feeds on the foliage., source: https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/oh_spiderwortx.htm
Tradescantia virginiana L. - Virginia spiderwort
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from one disjunct population in WI, otherwise from southeastern IA, IL south- and eastward; erroneous record
Calystegia macounii (Greene) Brummitt - Macoun's false bindweed
report unverified
Convolvulus arvensis L. - field bindweed
native to Europe; state DOA noxious weed, first collected 1902, Jackson Co.
Cuscuta cephalanthi Englemann - buttonbush dodder
Cuscuta indecora Choisy - collared dodder
Cuscuta indecora var. indecora - bigseed alfalfa dodder
Cuscuta megalocarpa Rydberg - large fruit dodder
known only from St. Louis Co. (one lake-side population, collected 1951); rare historic record
Cuscuta obtusiflora Kunth - Peruvian dodder
mostly found in the southern US & southward; known only from Winona Co. (historical collection from 1897); rare historic record
Cuscuta pentagona Engelmann - bur clover dodder
Ipomoea cristulata Hallier f. - Trans-Pecos morning-glory
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from IA
Ipomoea hederacea Jacquin - ivyleaf morning-glory
native to warm temperate Americas; known only from Winona Co. (historical collections from 1886)
Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth - common morning glory
native to tropical Americas; occasionally escaping from cultivation but unlikely to be persisting
Cornus alternifolia L. f. - pagoda dogwood
Flowers are abundant and their sweet scent attracts many insect pollinators: Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, and flies), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), and Coleoptera (beetles). Mining bees (Andrenidae) are frequent dogwood visitors and long-horned beetles of the Cerambycidae Family are drawn to the flowers’ scent. Five species of aphid (Aphididae), thrips (Thripidae), sawflies (Tenthredinidae), and spittlebugs (Chrysomelidae) all dine unobtrusively on dogwood leaves, as do the larvae of Geometer moths (Geometridae) and owlet moths (Noctuidae)., source: https://wildseedproject.net/2015/08/swida-alternifolia-formerly-cornus-alternifolia-alternate-leaved-dogwood-cornaceae/
Cornus amomum Miller - silky dogwood
Upland-Conifer Forest, Dogwood Family
Cornus foemina Mill. - panicled dogwood
see C. racemosa; misapplied name
Cornus obliqua Raf. - silky dogwood
Cornus racemosa Lamarck - panicled dogwood
Oak Savanna, Cór-nus, from Latin cornu, horn, because of the hard wood; ra-ce-mò-sa, racemose
Cornus rugosa Lamarck - roundleaf dogwood
Upland-Conifer Forest, Dogwood Family
Cornus sericea L. - redosier dogwood
threatened
native to eastern US; known only from Lake Co. (one Lake Superior island population,collected 1999)
native to Europe
Phedimus aizoon (L.) 't Hart - aizoon stonecrop
native to Asia; rarely escapes from cultivation in the Lake Superior area
native to the Caucasus Mountains; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; last collected 2009)
federal Threatened list / disjunct from western North America; endangered
Sedum acre L. - golden carpet
native to Greenland, Eurasia, and north Africa
Sedum rupestre L. - Jenny's stonecrop
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one population collected 2001)
Sicyos angulatus L. - oneseed bur cucumber
Thladiantha dubia Bunge - oneseed bur cucumber
native to Asia; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but based on cultivated specimens
Juniperus communis L. - common juniper
special concern
Juniperus virginiana L. - eastern red-cedar
Thuja occidentalis L. - northern white cedar
Upland-Conifer Forest, Cypress Family
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla - cosmopolitan bulrush
vars. not recognized
Carex adusta Boott - brown oval sedge
Carex aggregata Mack. - glomerate sedge
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from SD, IA, WI
to be expected in the southeastern corner (known from IA, WI), in open forests on dry acidic soils over sandstone and granite or calcareous soils
Carex albursina E. Sheldon - bluntscale sedge
Carex alopecoidea Tuckerman - brown head fox sedge
vars. not recognized; special concern
Carex aquatilis Wahlenberg - long bracted tussock sedge
misapplied; see C. aquatilis var. substricta
known only from the North Shore (fide G. Wheeler)
Carex arcta Boott - bear sedge
Carex arctata Boott - drooping wood sedge
Carex aurea Nuttall - golden fruited sedge
Gleason & Cronquist (1991) included C. garberi in this taxon
Carex backii W. Boott - Back's sedge
Gleason & Cronquist (1991) included C. saximontana in this taxon
Carex bicknellii Britton - Bicknell's sedge
Carex blanda Dewey - charming sedge
Gleason & Cronquist (1991) included C. merritt-fernaldii and C. molesta in this taxon
Carex bushii Mackenzie - long scale green sedge
known only from Ramsey Co. (one population from a "storm water wetland", collected 1995)
Carex buxbaumii Wahlenberg - Buxbaum's sedge
Carex canescens L. - gray bog sedge
misapplied to our flora, see subsp. canescens
Carex capillaris L. - hair-like sedge
vars. not recognized; DNR watch list
northwest limit of distribution; endangered
Carex castanea Wahlenberg - chestnut colored sedge
Carex cephaloidea (Dewey) Dewey - clustered bract sedge
Carex communis L.H. Bailey - fibrousroot sedge
Carex comosa Boott - bristly sedge
Carex conjuncta Boott - jointed sedge
disjunct from southern IA and IL; known only from Rice Co. (last collected 1980) and restored wetland in Ramsey Co. (collected 1998); threatened
Carex conoidea Willdenow - prairie gray sedge
this includes C. katahdinensis, which was on the state Threatened list
Carex crawei Dewey - early fen sedge
Carex crawfordii Fernald - Crawford's sedge
Carex crinita Lamarck - fringed sedge
Carex crus-corvi Shuttleworth - raven's foot sedge
known only from Goodhue Co. (historical collection from 1885); Gleason & Cronquist (1991) included C. flava var. fertilis in this taxon; rare historic record
Carex cryptolepis Mackenzie - northeastern sedge
northwest limit of distribution; threatened
Carex debilis Michaux - white edge sedge
Carex deflexa Hornemann - northern sedge
Carex deflexa var. deflexa - northern oak sedge
Carex diandra Schrank - bog panicled sedge
Carex disperma Dewey - two seed bog sedge
Carex divulsa Stokes - grassland sedge
erroneous report
Carex eburnea Boott - ivory sedge
recently (2009, Systematic Botany 34(2)) elevated from a variety of C. tenera to the species level
Carex emoryi Dewey - Emory's sedge
Carex exilis Dewey - coastal sedge
special concern
northwest limit of distribution; known only from Jackson Co. (one population, collected 1982); threatened
Carex filifolia Nuttall - threadleaf sedge
Carex flava L. - yellow sedge
special concern
Carex foenea Willdenow - bronze headed sedge
(of Gleason & Cronquist)
Carex formosa Dewey - handsome sedge
endangered
Carex garberi Fernald - Garber's sedge
threatened
Carex gracilescens Steudel - slender looseflower sedge
misapplied to our flora, see C. ormostachya; misapplied name
vars. not recognized
Carex gravida L.H. Bailey - long awned bracted sedge
special concern
Carex grisea Wahlenberg - ambiguous sedge
special concern
Carex haydenii Dewey - long scale tussock sedge
Carex hirtifolia Mackenzie - hairy leaved sedge
Carex hitchcockiana Dewey - hairy wood sedge
Carex hookeriana Dewey - Hooker's sedge
native from SD to MT and northward; known only from Becker Co. (one farm-road population, collected 2005, probably introduced); special concern
Carex inops L.H. Bailey - long-stolon sedge
Carex intumescens Rudge - greater bladder sedge
northwest limit of distribution; threatened
Carex lacustris Willdenow - common lake sedge
Carex laeviconica Dewey - smoothcone sedge
northwest limit of distribution; threatened
misapplied to our flora, see C. pellita; misapplied name
Carex lapponica O. Lang - Lapland sedge
erroneous report
Carex lasiocarpa Ehrhart - woollyfruit sedge
Carex laxiculmis Schweinitz - loose culmed sedge
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from IA and WI
Carex lenticularis Michaux - lakeshore sedge
Carex leptalea Wahlenberg - bristlystalked sedge
Carex limosa L. - candle lantern sedge
Carex lucorum var. lucorum - Blue Ridge sedge
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from WI and MI; DNR watch list
Carex lupulina Willdenow - hop umbrella sedge
Carex lurida Wahlenberg - shallow sedge
known only from Mille Lacs Co.; only known specimen deposited at NY; DNR watch list
Carex magellanica Lamarck - boreal bog sedge
Carex meadii Dewey - Mead's sedge
special concern
report unverified
special concern
Carex muricata L. - rough sedge
misapplied to our flora, see C. echinata; misapplied name
special concern
Carex normalis Mackenzie - spreading oval sedge
Carex norvegica Retz. - intermediate sedge
misapplied to our flora, see C. media
Carex novae-angliae Schweinitz - New England sedge
range extension from WI; known only from Lake Co. (last collected 2006); threatened
special concern
Carex oligocarpa Willdenow - few fruited sedge
Carex oligosperma Michaux - bog wiregrass sedge
Carex ormostachya Wiegand - slender loose flowered sedge
special concern
Carex pallescens L. - pale green sedge
western limit of distribution; endangered
Carex parryana Dewey - Parry's sedge
misapplied to our flora, see C. hallii; misapplied name
Carex pauciflora Lightfoot - fewflower sedge
Carex peckii Howe - Peck's sedge
Gleason & Cronquist (1991) included C. lanuginosa in this taxon
Carex pensylvanica Lamarck - sun loving sedge
Carex plantaginea Lamarck - plantainleaf sedge
western limit of distribution; endangered
Carex praegracilis W. Boott - very slender sedge
Carex prairea Dewey - prairie sedge
Carex prasina Wahlenberg - drooping sedge
to be expected on forested seeps in the St. Croix Valley; known from the WI side in Burnett Co.
Carex praticola Rydberg - prairie dweller sedge
special concern
Carex projecta Mackenzie - projecting sedge
Carex pseudocyperus L. - cypress sedge
Carex retrorsa Schweinitz - retrorse sedge
Carex richardsonii R. Brown - prairie hummock sedge
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