University of Minnesota http://www.umn.edu/ 612-625-5000 Minnesota Biodiversity AtlasBell Museum Includes taxa from following child checklists:
Authors:
Anita Cholewa, George Weiblen, Katie Noren & Timothy Whitfeld
Less Details
Locality: Minnesota Abstract: A comprehensive, annotated list of the vascular plants known, or reported, to occur in Minnesota Family membership is according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (Bot. J. The checklist was originally developed as a document by Anita Cholewa and was subsequently
Common names as given in the USDA-NRCS Plants database (2008) are also provided, Protection status is indicated for species listed as either endangered, threatened or Click on a scientific name to view specimens and a distribution map.
Families: 159
Genera: 811
Species: 2693
Total Taxa (details): 2877
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L. Nesom - New York aster
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii var. novi-belgii - New York aster
native to far eastern US; known only from Lake Co. (one population, collected 1952, consists of single poor specimen) Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nuttall) G.L. Nesom - aromatic aster
Many insects visit the flowers, including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, small to medium-sized butterflies, and skippers. These insects seek nectar primarily, although the bees also collect pollen. Many kinds of insects feed on the foliage and other parts of asters, including the caterpillars of the butterfly Chlosyne nycteis (Silvery Checkerspot) and many moth species., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/aromatic_asterx.htm Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Wiegand) G.L. Nesom - bottomland aster
Symphyotrichum ontarionis var. ontarionis - Ontario aster
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) G.L. Nesom - azure aster
vars. not recognized Symphyotrichum patens (Aiton) G.L. Nesom - late purple aster
Symphyotrichum patens var. patens - late purple aster
erroneous report Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willdenow) G.L. Nesom - awl aster
Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum - hairy white oldfield aster
Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pringlei (A. Gray) G.L. Nesom - Pringle's aster
known only from Winona Co. (one park population, collected 1914) Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poiret) G.L. Nesom - veiny lined aster
several varieties have been proposed but more work is needed to establish their validity Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve - purplestem aster
Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum - red stemmed aster
Symphyotrichum robynsianum (J. Rousseau) Brouillet & Labrecque - longleaf aster
erroneous report Symphyotrichum sericeum (Ventenat) G.L. Nesom - western silky aster
Symphyotrichum shortii (Lindley) G.L. Nesom - Short's aster
northwest limit of distribution; special concern Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindley ex de Candolle) G.L. Nesom - white arrowleaf aster
Symphyotrichum x amethystinum (Nuttall) G.L. Nesom - amethyst aster
(S. ericoides x novae-angliae) Symphyotrichum x longulum (E. Sheldon) G.L. Nesom - long aster
(S. boreale x puniceum) known only from MN and WI Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bipontinus - feverfew
native to Eurasia and north Africa Tanacetum vulgare L. - common tansy
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1875, Hennepin Co.; plant oil poisonous Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrzejowski ex Besser - red seeded dandelion
native to Europe Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wiggers - common dandelion
native to Europe Tephroseris palustris (L.) Reichenbach - swamp ragwort
Thelesperma megapotamicum (Sprengel) Kuntze - Hopi tea greenthread
native to western Great Plains and southwestern US; known only from Sherburne Co., Sherburne National Wildlfie Refuge (last collected 2001), introduced with wildlife planting Tragopogon dubius Scopoli - yellow goat
native to Europe Tragopogon porrifolius L. - vegetable oyster
to be expected on heavily disturbed sites (naturalized across much of North America and known from surrounding states and provinces); native to Europe and north Africa; known to hybridize with both T. dubius and T. pratensis Tragopogon pratensis L. - meadow goat
native to Europe Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Schultz-Bipontinus - wild chamomile
native to Europe misapplied to the regional flora, see T. inodorum; misapplied name Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) M. Lainz - wild chamomile
misapplied; see T. inodorum Tussilago farfara L. - coltsfoot
native to Eurasia; known only from Wright Co. (one agricultural-field population, collected 1913) Vernonia baldwinii Torrey - western ironweed
native from central to southwestern Great Plains; vars. not recognized; rare historic record Vernonia fasciculata Michaux - bunched ironweed
The flowers attract long-tongued bees, butterflies, and skippers primarily. Other visitors include bee flies and Halictid bees. These insects seek nectar, although bees also collect pollen. Among the long-tongued bees, are such visitors as bumblebees, Epeoline cuckoo bees, Miner bees, and large Leaf-Cutting bees. An oligolectic bee of Ironweeds is Melissodes vernoniae. The caterpillars of several moths feed on Ironweed, including Grammia parthenice (Parthenice Tiger Moth) and Perigea xanthioides (Red Groundling). Caterpillars that bore into the roots or stems of Ironweed include Papaipema cerussata (Ironweed Borer Moth), Carmenta bassiformis (Eupatorium Borer Moth), and some Polygrammodes spp. (Pyralid Moths)., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/sm_ironweedx.htm Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartman - Lacy Sleepy Daisy
Xanthisma spinulosum var. spinulosum - cut leaf ironplant
special concern Xanthium strumarium L. - common cocklebur
state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1886; highly toxic to livestock; vars. Not recognized Diplazium pycnocarpon (Sprengel) M. Broun - narrow leaved spleenwort
northwest limit of distribution; threatened Azolla caroliniana Willdenow - Carolina mosquitofern
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; widespread in eastern US and more cold tolerant than A. mexicana, from which it differs in megaspore traits; unfortunately sporocarps are rarely collected but necessary for identification Azolla mexicana C. Presl - Mexican mosquitofern
some of our specimens probably A. caroliniana (see comments under Azolla caroliniana); special concern Impatiens balfourii Hook.f. - Balfour's touch-me-not
Impatiens capensis Meerburgh - jewelweed
Impatiens glandulifera Royle - Himalayan balsam
native to Himalayan region; known only from the Caribou River in Lake Co. (collected 2008); can become extremely invasive in milder environments Impatiens pallida Nuttall - pale touch me not
Berberis repens Lindley - creeping Oregon grape
native to western US; reported for Minnesota by MN-DNR and FNA but no specimens at MIN Berberis thunbergii de Candolle - Japanese barberry
native to Japan Berberis vulgaris L. - European barberry
native to Europe Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michaux - blue cohosh
Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Persoon - twinleaf
special concern Podophyllum peltatum L. - American mandrake
roots and leaves poisonous Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. - European alder
native to Europe; reported as naturalized in east-central Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN Alnus incana (L.) Moench - gray alder
Alnus incana subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) R.T. Clausen - tag alder
Alnus viridis (Chaix) de Candolle - green alder
Alnus viridis subsp. crispa (Aiton) Turrill - green alder
Betula alleghaniensis Britton - yellow birch
Upland-Conifer Forest, Birch Family Betula cordifolia Regel - heartleaf birch
Betula glandulosa Michaux - resin birch
misapplied to our flora, see B. pumila; misapplied name Betula nana L. - dwarf birch
erroneous report Betula nigra L. - river birch
Many kinds of insects feed on various parts of River Birch, especially the caterpillars of many moths. Other insect feeders include the caterpillars of the butterfly Nymphalis antiopa (Mourning Cloak), the larvae of sawflies, the grubs of wood-boring beetles, leaf beetles, plant bugs, shield bugs, leafhoppers, aphids, and others., source: https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/river_birch.htm Betula papyrifera Marshall - paper birch
Oak Savanna or Upland-Conifer Forest, Bé-tu-la, ancient Latin name; pa-py-rí-fe-ra, bearing paper, Birch Family Betula pubescens Ehrhart - downy birch
native to Europe; known only from Houston Co. (one roadside population, collected 1920) Betula pumila L. - bog birch
Betula x purpusii Schneider - Purpus' birch
(B. alleghaniensis x pumila) Betula x rosendahlii Butters & Abbe - Rosendahl's birch
(B. cordifolia x papyrifera); taxonomic status uncertain, not included in FNA or USDA-NRCS; known only from Cook Co. (last collected 2000) Betula x sandbergii Britton - Sandberg's birch
(B. papyrifera x pumila) Carpinus caroliniana Walter - American hornbeam
Corylus americana Walter - American hazel
Oak Savanna or Upland-Conifer Forest, Có-ry-lus, the ancient name, perhaps from the Greek corys, a helmet, for the shape of the involucre around the nut; a-me-ri-cà-na, American Corylus cornuta Marshall - beaked hazelnut
Upland-Conifer Forest, Birch Family Corylus cornuta subsp. cornuta - beaked hazel
Ostrya virginiana (Miller) K. Koch - hop hornbeam
Oak Savanna, Ós-try-a, ancient Greek name for a tree with very hard wood, vir-gi-ni-àn-a, Virginian Catalpa ovata G. Don - Chinese catalpa
native to China; known only from Houston Co. (one population, collected 1979, no further data, probably cultivated and not escaping) Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelman - cigar or catawba tree
native to southern US Anchusa arvensis (L.) M. von Bieberstein - alkanet
native to Europe Asperugo procumbens L. - German-madwort
native to Eurasia; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN Borago officinalis L. - common borage
native to Europe; doubtfully persisting Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnst. - corn gromwell
report unverified Cynoglossum officinale L. - hound
native to Europe; leaves and roots potentially toxic and may cause skin irritation Cynoglossum virginianum L. - wild comfrey
Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale (Fernald) Cooperrider - northern hound
Echium vulgare L. - blue weed
native to southern Europe; plant toxic Ellisia nyctelea (L.) L. - ellisia
Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt. - narrowleaf yerba santa
Hackelia deflexa (Wahlenberg) Opiz - nodding stickseed
Hackelia deflexa var. americana (A. Gray) gernald & I.M. Johnston - American stick seed
Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnston - Virginia stickseed
Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michaux - maple leaf waterleaf
Hydrophyllum virginianum L. - eastern waterleaf
Hydrophyllum virginianum var. virginianum - Shawnee salad
Lappula occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene - flatspine stickseed
Lappula occidentalis var. occidentalis - flatspine stickseed
Lappula squarrosa (Retzius) Dumortier - two row stickseed
native to Eurasia Lithospermum canescens (Michaux) J.G.C. Lehmann - hoary puccoon
Lithospermum caroliniense (Walter ex J.F. Gmelin) C. MacMillan - Carolina puccoon
Lithospermum caroliniense var. croceum (Fernald) Cusick - hairy puccoon
Lithospermum incisum J.G.C. Lehmann - fringed gromwell
Lithospermum latifolium Michaux - American gromwell
Lithospermum officinale L. - European stoneseed
native to Eurasia; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN Mertensia paniculata (Aiton) G. Don - panicled bluebells
Mertensia paniculata var. paniculata - tall bluebells
Mertensia virginica (L.) Persoon ex Link - Virginia bluebells
Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill - field forget-me-not
native to Eurasia Myosotis laxa J.G.C. Lehmann - small forget me not
Myosotis scorpioides L. - true forget-me-not
native to Europe Myosotis sylvatica J.F. Ehrhart ex Hoffmann - garden forget me not
native to Eurasia Myosotis verna Nuttall - Virginia forget me not
Onosmodium bejariense DC. - soft-hair marbleseed
Onosmodium bejariense var. hispidissimum (Mack.) B.L. Turner - softhair marbleseed
Onosmodium bejariense var. occidentale (Mack.) B.L. Turner - western marbleseed
Phacelia franklinii (R. Brown) A. Gray - Franklin's phacelia
threatened Plagiobothrys scouleri (Hooker & Arnott) I.M. Johnston - Scouler's popcornflower
special concern Plagiobothrys scouleri var. hispidulus (Greene) Dorn - sleeping popcorn flower
Symphytum asperum Lepechin - prickly comfrey
native to Caucasus Mountains; known only from Goodhue Co. (historical collection from 1881) Symphytum officinale L. - common comfrey
native to Eurasia Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieberstein) Cavara & Grande - garlic mustard
native to Europe; state DOA noxious weed, first collected 1933, Hennepin Co. Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. - alyssum
native to Europe Alyssum desertorum Stapf - desert madwort
Arabidopsis lyrata (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz - lyrate rockcress
Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. lyrata - lyre leaved rockcress
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. - mouseear cress
native to Eurasia; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN Arabis divaricarpa A. Nelson - spreadingpod rockcress
misapplied; see Boechera grahamii Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. - tower mustard
Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir. - smooth rockcress
Arabis laevigata var. laevigata - smooth rockcress
special concern Arabis perstellata E.L. Braun - stellate rockcress
misapplied; see Boechera dentata Arabis pycnocarpa M. Hopkins - creamflower rockcress
Arabis pycnocarpa var. adpressipilis M. Hopkins - hairy rockcress
known only from Waseca Co. (historical collection from 1891), probably a waif, natural distribution is IA to OH and southward Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertner, B. Meyer & Scherbius - horseradish
native to Eurasia; poisonous to livestock Barbarea orthoceras Ledebour - winter cress
Barbarea vulgaris W.T. Aiton - garden yellowrocket
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1877, Hennepin Co.; vars. not recognized Berteroa incana (L.) de Candolle - hoary alyssum
native to Europe; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1894, Ramsey Co. Boechera canadensis (L.) Al-Shehbaz - Canadian rockcress
Boechera collinsii (Fernald) Á. Löve & D. Löve - Collins' rockcress
known only from Cook Co. (one cliffside population, collected 1938); rare historic record Boechera dentata (Rafinesque) Al-Shehbaz & Zarucchi - stellate rockcress
misapplied to our flora, see B. grahamii; misapplied name Boechera grahamii (Lehmann) Windham & Al-Shehbaz - spreadingpod rockcress
Boechera laevigata (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Al-Shehbaz - smooth rockcress
Boechera missouriensis (Greene) Al-Shehbaz - green rockcress
known only from Pine Co. (one roadside population, collected 1980) threatened Boechera stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz - Drummond's rockcress
Brassica juncea (L.) Czernajew - Chinese mustard
native to Asia; raw seeds somewhat toxic to livestock but cultivated as an oil crop and for condiments Brassica napus L. - canola
native to Mediterranean; known only from Pennington and St. Louis counties (city weeds, last collected 2009), doubtfully persisting; seeds somewhat toxic to livestock; supsp. not recognized Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch - black mustard
native to Europe; seeds somewhat toxic to livestock Brassica oleracea L. - kohlrabi
native to Eurasia; occasional escape from cultivation; cultivars sometimes recognized as vars. Brassica rapa L. - broccoli
native to Europe; raw seeds poisonous but commonly cultivated as a oil crop Camelina alyssum (Miller) Thellung - European false flax
native to Europe; known only from Chisago Co. (historical collections from 1885) Camelina microcarpa de Candolle - small seed false flax
native to Europe Camelina rumelica Velen. - graceful false flax
native to Eurasia; known only from St. Louis Co., doubltfully persisting; only known specimen at DUL Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz - large seed false flax
native to Eurasia Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medikus - shepherd's purse
native to southern Europe Cardamine concatenata (Michaux) O. Schwarz - cutleaf toothwort
Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Alph. Wood - crinkleroot
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS and FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, IL, WI Cardamine douglassii Britt. - limestone bittercress
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, WI, IA Cardamine flexuosa Withering - woodland bittercress
Cardamine impatiens L. - narrowleaf bittercress
native to Eurasia; invasive with explosively dehiscent fruits; known only from Ramsey Co. (along Mississippi River in St. Paul, first collected 2008); vars. not recognized Cardamine parviflora L. - small flowered bittercress
vars. not recognized Cardamine pensylvanica Muhlenberg ex Willdenow - Quaker bittercress
Cardamine pratensis L. - cuckoo flower
disjunct from MI, and OH eastward; however, most populations in US introduced from Europe; vars. not recognized; threatened Chorispora tenella (Pallas) de Candolle - blue mustard
native to Eurasia; known only from Ramsey Co. (one lawn population, collected 1988), doubtfully persisting Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumortier - hare's ear mustard
native to Eurasia Descurainia incana (Bernhardi ex Fischer & C.A. Meyer) Dorn - pinnate tansy mustard
known only from St. Louis Co. (last collected 1936) Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton - western tansymustard
Descurainia pinnata subsp. brachycarpa (Richardson) Detling - western tansymustard
Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl - herb sophia
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1932, Dakota Co. Diplotaxis muralis (L.) de Candolle - sand rocket
native to Europe; known only from Martin Co. (one lawn population, collected 1957), doubtfully persisting Draba arabisans Michaux - Arabian whitlow grass
vars. not recognized; special concern Draba cana Rydberg - hairy whitlow grass
endangered Draba incana L. - twisted draba
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from Manitoba and Ontario on rock outcrops and gravelly lakeshores Draba nemorosa L. - yellow whitlow grass
vars. not recognized Draba norvegica Gunnerus - Norwegian whitlow grass
disjunct from the high-arctic of Canada; known only from Cook Co. (last collected 1998); vars. not recognized; endangered Draba reptans (Lamarck) Fernald - Carolina whitlow grass
vars. not recognized Draba verna L. - European whitlow grass
native to Eurasia; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one campground population, collected 2001), doubtfully persisting Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. - rocketsalad
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell. - rocketsalad
Erucastrum gallicum (Willdenow) O.E. Schultz - rocketweed
native to Europe Erysimum asperum (Nuttall) de Candolle - western wallflower
Erysimum cheiranthoides L. - wormseed mustard
native to Europe Erysimum inconspicuum (S. Watson) MacMillan - small flowered wallflower
Hesperis matronalis L. - dames rocket
native to Eurasia Iberis umbellata L. - globe candytuft
native to Europe; reported for Minnesota by Lakela 1965 as an occasional garden escape near Ely but no specimens at MIN; doubtfully persisting Iodanthus pinnatifidus (Michaux) Steudel - purple rocket
northwest limit of distribution; endangered Lepidium campestre (L.) W.T. Aiton - field peppergrass
native to Eurasia; seeds somewhat toxic to livestock Lepidium densiflorum Schrader - green flowered peppergrass
seeds somewhat toxic to livestock Lepidium draba L. - hoary cress
native to Mediterranean region Lepidium perfoliatum L. - clasping peppergrass
native to Eurasia; known only from Clay Co. (one railroad population, collected 1958), doubtfully persisting; seeds somewhat toxic to livestock Lepidium ramosissimum A. Nelson - manybranched pepperweed
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN Lepidium sativum L. - garden cress
native to Eurasia; seeds somewhat toxic to livestock Lepidium virginicum L. - Virginia pepperweed
Lepidium virginicum subsp. virginicum - poor man
seeds somewhat toxic to livestock Lobularia maritima (L.) Desvaux - sweet alyssum
native to Mediterranean region Lunaria annua L. - money plant
native to southeastern Europe; known only from Hennepin Co. (one population, collected 1941), doubtfully persisting Nasturtium microphyllum Boenninghausen ex Reichenbach - onerow yellowcress
native to Europe Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton - small leaved watercress
native to Eurasia Neslia paniculata (L.) Desvaux - ballmustard
native to western Asia Physaria ludoviciana (Nuttall) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz - foothill bladderpod
disjunct from Great Plains westward; endangered Raphanus raphanistrum L. - jointed charlock
Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. raphanistrum - jointed charlock
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1888, Anoka Co. Raphanus sativus L. - garden radish
native to Eurasia; doubtfully persisting known only from Wilkin Co. (one population, collected 1981) Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser - Austrian yellowcress
native to Europe; known only from Pipestone Co. (one riverside population, collected 1964) Rorippa curvipes Greene - bluntleaf yellowcress
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek - small leaved watercress
misapplied; see Nasturtium officinale Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser - Icelandic yellow cress
Rorippa palustris subsp. hispida (Desvaux) Jonsell - hispid yellowcress
Rorippa palustris subsp. palustris - bog yellowcress
Rorippa sessiliflora (Nuttall) Hitchcock - sessile flowered yellow cress
known only from historical collections to 1891; special concern Rorippa sinuata (Nuttall) Hitchcock - spreading yellowcress
Rorippa sphaerocarpa (A.Gray) Britton - roundfruit yellowcress
no specimens deposited at MIN; perhaps a significant range extension from the southwest and western US; DNR watch list Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser - creeping yellowcress
native to Eurasia; DNR watch list Sinapis alba L. - white mustard
native to Europe; known only from Ramsey Co. (one agricultural population, collected 1981), doubtfully persisting Sinapis arvensis L. - wild mustard
native to Europe; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1877, Hennepin Co. Sisymbrium altissimum L. - tall tumblemustard
native to Eurasia Sisymbrium loeselii L. - tall hedge mustard
native to eastern Mediterranean region Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scopoli - hedgemustard
native to Mediterranean region Subularia aquatica L. - water-awlwort
Subularia aquatica subsp. americana G.A. Mulligan & Calder - American water-awlwort
threatened Thlaspi arvense L. - field pennycress
native to Eurasia; state DOA restricted weed, first collected 1883, Goodhue Co.; seeds somewhat toxic to livestock Turritis glabra L. - tower rockcress
Butomus umbellatus L. - flowering rush
native to Eurasia; on MN-DNR Prohibited Invasive Species list; first collected 1972, Rice Co. Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zucc. - Japanese pachysandra
native to China and Japan; occasionally escaping from cultivation but no specimens at MIN Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmelin - watershield
Coryphantha missouriensis (Sweet) Britton & Rose - Missouri foxtail cactus
erroneous report Coryphantha vivipara (Nuttall) Britton & Rose - ball cactus
eastern limit of distribution; endangered Escobaria vivipara (Nutt.) Buxb. - ball cactus
endangered Opuntia fragilis (Nuttall) Haworth - brittle pricklypear
Opuntia humifusa (Rafinesque) Rafinesque - devil's-tongue
Opuntia humifusa var. humifusa - plains pricklypear
Opuntia macrorhiza Engelmann - twistspine pricklypear
misapplied to our flora fide FNA, see O. humifusa; some taxonomists (B. Parfitt, pers. comm.) do not believe this is a separate species from O. humifusa but instead represents a color phase but this is unresolved; plants with flower color of O. macrorhi; misapplied name; special concern Campanula aparinoides Pursh - marsh bellflower
Campanula cervicaria L. - bristly bellflower
native to Europe Campanula glomerata L. - clustered bellflower
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (one population in former agricultural test plots, collected 2004) Campanula persicifolia L. - peachleaf bellflower
native to Asia; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; collected 2009) Campanula rapunculoides L. - European bellflower
native to Eurasia; known to be an aggressive invader in other regions Campanula rotundifolia L. - harebell
Harebells are pollinated by hummingbirds and bees (specifically leafcutter, digger, green sweat and carpenter bees), and also attract various fly species., source: http://www.prairiepollination.ca/plante-plant/campanule_a_feuilles_rondes-harebell/, source: http://www.restoringthelandscape.com/2013/01/harebell-campanula-rotundifolia.html Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small - American bellflower
Triodanis leptocarpa (Nuttall) Nieuwland - slimpod Venus' looking-glass
Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwland - clasping Venus' looking-glass
Cannabis sativa L. - hemp
There is little information about floral-faunal relationships for Hemp. The wind-pollinated flowers aren't thought to attract many insect pollinators but, in fact, the 'male' plants are teaming with pollen-collecting bees when the male flowers release copious amounts of pale yellow pollen in season., source: George Weiblen (personal observation) & http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/hemp.htm Celtis occidentalis L. - eastern hackberry
Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zuccarini - Japanese hop
native to eastern Asia; known only from Fillmore Co. (one riverside population, collected 1992) Humulus lupulus L. - common hops
Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides E. Small - common hop
Humulus lupulus var. lupulus - common hop
Humulus lupulus var. pubescens E. Small - common hop
report unverified Lonicera caerulea L. - sweetberry honeysuckle
Lonicera caerulea var. edulis Turczaninow ex Herder - sweetberry honeysuckle
native to eastern Siberia; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one population collected 2009) Lonicera caerulea var. villosa (Michaux) Torrey & A. Gray - mountain fly honeysuckle
Lonicera canadensis W. Bartram ex Marshall - American fly honeysuckle
Lonicera dioica L. - wild honeysuckle
erroneously called Japanese honeysuckle by some Lonicera hirsuta Eaton - hairy honeysuckle
Not native in Minnesota. Likely occur in Minnesota., source: minnesotawildflowers.info Lonicera morrowii A. Gray - Morrow's honeysuckle
native to Japan Lonicera oblongifolia (Goldie) Hooker - swamp fly honeysuckle
Lonicera reticulata Raf. - grape honeysuckle
Lonicera sempervirens L. - trumpet honeysuckle
Lonicera tatarica L. - Tatarian honeysuckle
native to Eurasia Lonicera villosa (Michx.) Schult. - mountain fly honeysuckle
Lonicera villosa var. tonsa Fernald - sweetberry honeysuckle
Lonicera x bella Zabel - belle honeysuckle
(L. morrowii x tatarica); parents native to Eurasia Lonicera x salicifolia Dieck ex Zabel - willow-leaf honeysuckle
(L. ruprechtiana x xylosteoides) native to Eurasia; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one population collected 2010); only specimen at DUL Lonicera xylosteum L. - European honeysuckle
native to Europe Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F. Blake - common snowberry
Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hooker - wolfberry
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench - buckbrush
Triosteum aurantiacum E.P. Bicknell - orange fruit horse gentian
Triosteum aurantiacum var. aurantiacum - orangefruit horse-gentian
Triosteum perfoliatum L. - horse gentian
Agrostemma githago L. - common corncockle
Agrostemma githago var. githago - purple cockle
native to Eurasia; (last collected 1912) becoming less common in North America due to herbicide and seed screening protocols; seeds toxic, contain saponin Arenaria serpyllifolia L. - thyme-leaf sandwort
Arenaria serpyllifolia var. serpyllifolia - thymeleaf sandwort
native to Eurasia and Africa Cerastium arvense L. - starry grasswort
Cerastium arvense subsp. arvense - field chickweed
native to western Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; last collected 2009) Cerastium arvense subsp. strictum Gaudin - field chickweed
Cerastium brachypodum (Engelmann ex A. Gray) B.L. Robinson - short stalk mouse ear chickweed
Cerastium fontanum Baumgarten - common mouse-ear chickweed
status: not endemic; distribution: not evaluated; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: none; reference: none; expert comment: none; basionym published: year not recorded Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare (Hartman) Greuter & Burdet - common mouse-ear chickweed
Cerastium nutans Rafinesque - nodding chickweed
Cerastium nutans var. nutans - nodding mouse ear chickweed
Cerastium velutinum Rafinesque - field chickweed
Cerastium velutinum var. velutinum - large field mouse ear chickweed
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, IA, MI Dianthus armeria L. - Deptford pink
Dianthus armeria subsp. armeria - Deptford pink
native to Eurasia Dianthus barbatus L. - sweet william
Dianthus barbatus subsp. barbatus - sweet william
native to Eurasia; doubtfully persisting Dianthus deltoides L. - maiden pink
Dianthus deltoides subsp. deltoides - maiden pink
native to Europe; doubtfully persisting Gypsophila elegans M. Bieberstein - elegant baby
native to Eurasia; doubtfully persisting Gypsophila muralis L. - wall baby's breath
native to Eurasia; doubtfully persisting Gypsophila paniculata L. - perennial baby
native to Eurasia Minuartia dawsonensis (Britton) House - rock sandwort
threatened Minuartia michauxii (Fenzl) Farw. - Michaux's stitchwort
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from WI, IA, SD; to be expected along the southern border on calcareous gravel and ledges; erroneous record Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattfeld - pitcher's stitchwort
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from WI, IL Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl - grove sandwort
Moehringia macrophylla (Hooker) Fenzl - big leaf sandwort
threatened Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench - water chickweed
native to Eurasia Paronychia canadensis (L.) Alph. Wood - Canadian forked chickweed
northwest limit of distribution; endangered Paronychia fastigiata (Rafinesque) Fernald - hairy forked nailwort
Paronychia fastigiata var. fastigiata - forked chickweed
northwest limit of distribution; known only from Washington Co. (last collected 1981); endangered Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link - saxifrage pink
Petrorhagia saxifraga var. saxifraga - petrorhagia
native to Eurasia; known only from St. Louis Co. (historical collections to 1940) Sagina nodosa (L.) Fenzl - knotted pearlwort
Sagina nodosa subsp. borealis G.E. Crow - knotted pearlwort
disjunct from arctic Canada; endangered Sagina procumbens L. - matted pearlwort
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; last collected 2003) Saponaria officinalis L. - soapwort
native to Eurasia; plants used as a liquid soap but toxic as contain saponin Scleranthus annuus L. - German knotgrass
Scleranthus annuus subsp. annuus - knawel
native to Eurasia Not native in Minnesota., source: minnesotawildflowers.info Silene antirrhina L. - sleepy catchfly
Silene armeria L. - sweet william catchfly
native to Europe Silene chalcedonica (L.) E.H.L. Krause - scarlet lychnis
native to Asia; although perennial doubtfully persisting more than a few years Silene csereii Baumgarten - smooth catchfly
native to southeastern Europe Silene dichotoma subsp. dichotoma Ehrhart - forked catchfly
Silene dioica (L.) Clairville - red catchfly
native to Europe Silene drummondii Hooker - Drummond's campion
Silene drummondii subsp. drummondii - Drummond's campion
eastern limit of distribution; special concern Silene flos-cuculi (L.) Clairville - ragged robin
Silene flos-cuculi subsp. flos-cuculi - ragged robin
native to Europe; known only from Aitkin Co. (one old-field population, collected 2005) Silene latifolia Poiret - white campion
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: Drinkell; reference: FM vol. 16 - 2002 p.42; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1789 Silene nivea (Nuttall) Muhlenberg ex Otth - snowy campion
northwest limit of distribution; threatened Silene noctiflora L. - sticky cockle
native to Europe; state DOA noxious weed, first collected 1878, Hennepin Co. Silene stellata (L.) W.T. Aiton - starry campion
vars. not recognized Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke - bladder campion
Silene vulgaris subsp. vulgaris - maidens tears
Spergula arvensis L. - corn spurry
Spergularia rubra (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl - red sandspurry
native to Eurasia Spergularia salina J. Presl & C. Presl - salt sandspurry
to be expected as a widespread weed (known from nearly all states and provinces); native to Eurasia Stellaria alsine Grimm - alsine chickweed
native to eastern Canada, US Stellaria borealis - boreal starwort
Stellaria borealis subsp. borealis - northern starwort
frequently hybridizes with S. longifolia, though no hybrids reported for Minnesota Stellaria crassifolia Ehrhart - fleshy leaved starwort
Stellaria graminea L. - lesser stitchwort
native to Europe Stellaria longifolia Muhlenberg ex Willdenow - long leaf chickweed
frequently hybridizes with S. borealis, though no hybrids reported for Minnesota Stellaria longipes Goldie - longstalk starwort
Stellaria longipes subsp. longipes - long stalk chickweed
special concern Stellaria media (L.) Villars - common chickweed
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG & Indonesia; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: Drinkell; reference: FM Portal; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753 Stellaria pubera Michx. - star chickweed
erroneous report Vaccaria hispanica (Miller) Rauschert - cowherb
native to Eurasia Celastrus orbiculatus Thunberg - Asian bittersweet
native to Asia; known only from Hennepin Co. (one city-park population, collected 2002) Celastrus scandens L. - American bittersweet
fruit toxic, possibly other parts Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold - winged euonymus
native to eastern Asia; known only from St. Louis Co. (collected 2007) Euonymus atropurpureus Jacquin - eastern wahoo
bark, fruits, seeds poisonous Parnassia glauca Raf. - American grass of parnassus
Parnassia palustris L. - smallflower grass of Parnassus
Parnassia parviflora DC. - smallflower grass of Parnassus
Ceratophyllum demersum L. - hornwort
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG & Indonesia; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: aquatic; verified by: Walsingham; reference: POWOP/IPNI/WCSP; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753 Ceratophyllum echinatum A. Gray - spiny coontail
Crocanthemum bicknellii (Fernald) Janchen - hoary frostweed
Crocanthemum canadense (L.) Britton - longbranch frostweed
Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michaux - longbranch frostweed
special concern Hudsonia tomentosa Nuttall - sand golden heather
threatened Lechea intermedia var. intermedia Legg. ex Britton - intermediate pinweed
Lechea stricta Leggett ex Britton - prairie pinweed
Lechea tenuifolia Michaux - narrowleaf pinweed
endangered Lechea tenuifolia var. tenuifolia - narrowleaf pinweed
endangered Peritoma serrulata (Pursh) de Candolle - spider flower
Polanisia dodecandra (L.) de Candolle - red whisker clammyweed
Polanisia dodecandra var. dodecandra - redwhisker clammyweed
Polanisia dodecandra var. trachysperma (Torrey & A. Gray) H.H. Iltis - sandyseed clammyweed
Polanisia jamesii (Torrey & A. Gray) H.H. Iltis - James' clammyweed
northern limit of distribution; endangered Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Rafinesque - yellow clintonia
Upland-Conifer Forest, Lily Family Uvularia grandiflora Smith - merrybells
Uvularia sessilifolia L. - strawlily
Comandra umbellata (L.) Nuttall - bastard toadflax
Comandra umbellata subsp. pallida (A. DC.) Piehl - bastard toadflax
erroneous report Comandra umbellata subsp. umbellata - bastard toadflax
Geocaulon lividum (Richardson) Fernald - northern comandra
Commelina communis L. - Asiatic dayflower
native to Asia Commelina erecta L. - slender dayflower
known only from Wabasha Co. (last collected 1996); endangered Tradescantia bracteata Small - sticky spiderwort
Tradescantia occidentalis (Britton) Smyth - prairie spiderwort
Tradescantia occidentalis var. occidentalis - western spiderwort
Tradescantia ohiensis Rafinesque - Ohio spiderwort
The most important pollinators of the flowers are long-tongued bees, especially bumblebees. Other visitors include Halictine bees and Syrphid flies. However, the Syrphid flies feed on stray pollen and are non-pollinating. Spiderwort is rarely bothered by insects, although Lema collaris (Leaf Beetle sp.) reportedly feeds on the foliage., source: https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/oh_spiderwortx.htm Tradescantia virginiana L. - Virginia spiderwort
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from one disjunct population in WI, otherwise from southeastern IA, IL south- and eastward; erroneous record Calystegia macounii (Greene) Brummitt - Macoun's false bindweed
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Brown - hedge bindweed
Calystegia sepium subsp. americana (Sims) Brummitt - hedge false bindweed
Calystegia sepium subsp. angulata Brummitt - hedge bindweed
Calystegia sepium subsp. appalachiana Brummitt - Appalachia false bindweed
report unverified Calystegia spithamaea (L.) Pursh - low false bindweed
Calystegia spithamaea subsp. stans (Michs.) Brunnitt - low false bindweed
Convolvulus arvensis L. - field bindweed
native to Europe; state DOA noxious weed, first collected 1902, Jackson Co. Cuscuta cephalanthi Englemann - buttonbush dodder
Cuscuta coryli Engelmann - hazel dodder
Cuscuta cuspidata Engelm. - cusp dodder
Cuscuta glomerata Choisy - aster dodder
Cuscuta gronovii Willdenow ex Roemer & Schultes - swamp dodder
Cuscuta gronovii var. gronovii - scaldweed
Cuscuta indecora Choisy - collared dodder
Cuscuta indecora var. indecora - bigseed alfalfa dodder
Cuscuta megalocarpa Rydberg - large fruit dodder
known only from St. Louis Co. (one lake-side population, collected 1951); rare historic record Cuscuta obtusiflora Kunth - Peruvian dodder
Cuscuta obtusiflora var. glandulosa Engelmann - southern dodder
mostly found in the southern US & southward; known only from Winona Co. (historical collection from 1897); rare historic record Cuscuta pentagona Engelmann - bur clover dodder
Cuscuta pentagona var. pentagona - fiveangled dodder
Cuscuta polygonorum Engelmann - smartweed dodder
Ipomoea cristulata Hallier f. - Trans-Pecos morning-glory
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from IA Ipomoea hederacea Jacquin - ivyleaf morning-glory
native to warm temperate Americas; known only from Winona Co. (historical collections from 1886) Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth - common morning glory
native to tropical Americas; occasionally escaping from cultivation but unlikely to be persisting Cornus alternifolia L. f. - pagoda dogwood
Flowers are abundant and their sweet scent attracts many insect pollinators: Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, and flies), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), and Coleoptera (beetles). Mining bees (Andrenidae) are frequent dogwood visitors and long-horned beetles of the Cerambycidae Family are drawn to the flowers’ scent. Five species of aphid (Aphididae), thrips (Thripidae), sawflies (Tenthredinidae), and spittlebugs (Chrysomelidae) all dine unobtrusively on dogwood leaves, as do the larvae of Geometer moths (Geometridae) and owlet moths (Noctuidae)., source: https://wildseedproject.net/2015/08/swida-alternifolia-formerly-cornus-alternifolia-alternate-leaved-dogwood-cornaceae/ Cornus amomum Miller - silky dogwood
Cornus canadensis L. - bunchberry
Upland-Conifer Forest, Dogwood Family Cornus foemina Mill. - panicled dogwood
see C. racemosa; misapplied name Cornus obliqua Raf. - silky dogwood
Cornus racemosa Lamarck - panicled dogwood
Oak Savanna, Cór-nus, from Latin cornu, horn, because of the hard wood; ra-ce-mò-sa, racemose Cornus rugosa Lamarck - roundleaf dogwood
Upland-Conifer Forest, Dogwood Family Cornus sericea L. - redosier dogwood
Cornus sericea subsp. sericea - redosier dogwood
Crassula aquatica (L.) Sch̦nland - water pygmyweed
threatened Hylotelephium telephioides (Michaux) H. Ohba - Alleghany stonecrop
native to eastern US; known only from Lake Co. (one Lake Superior island population,collected 1999) Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H. Ohba - orpine
native to Europe Phedimus aizoon (L.) 't Hart - aizoon stonecrop
native to Asia; rarely escapes from cultivation in the Lake Superior area Phedimus spurius (M.Bieb.) 't Hart - Caucasian stonecrop
native to the Caucasus Mountains; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; last collected 2009) Rhodiola integrifolia Rafinesque - ledge stonecrop
Rhodiola integrifolia subsp. leedyi (Rosendahl & J.W. Moore) H. Ohba - Leedy's stonecrop
federal Threatened list / disjunct from western North America; endangered Sedum acre L. - golden carpet
native to Greenland, Eurasia, and north Africa Sedum rupestre L. - Jenny's stonecrop
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one population collected 2001) Citrullus lanatus (Thung.) Matsum. & Nakai - watermelon
Citrullus lanatus subsp. lanatus - watermelon
Echinocystis lobata (Michaux) Torrey & A. Gray - balsam apple
Sicyos angulatus L. - oneseed bur cucumber
Thladiantha dubia Bunge - oneseed bur cucumber
native to Asia; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but based on cultivated specimens Juniperus communis L. - common juniper
Juniperus communis var. depressa Pursh - bush juniper
Juniperus horizontalis Moench - creeping juniper
special concern Juniperus virginiana L. - eastern red-cedar
Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana - hante sha (Dakota)
Thuja occidentalis L. - northern white cedar
Upland-Conifer Forest, Cypress Family Thuja occidentalis subsp. occidentalis - arborvitae
Bolboschoenus fluviatilis (Torrey) Soj - river bulrush
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla - cosmopolitan bulrush
Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. paludosus (A. Nelson) T. Koyama - prairie bulrush
Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke - three leaf beakseed
vars. not recognized Carex adusta Boott - brown oval sedge
Carex aggregata Mack. - glomerate sedge
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from SD, IA, WI Carex albicans Willdenow ex Sprengel - oak sedge
to be expected in the southeastern corner (known from IA, WI), in open forests on dry acidic soils over sandstone and granite or calcareous soils Carex albursina E. Sheldon - bluntscale sedge
Carex alopecoidea Tuckerman - brown head fox sedge
Carex annectens (E.P. Bicknell) E.P. Bicknell - yellow fruited fox sedge
vars. not recognized; special concern Carex aquatilis Wahlenberg - long bracted tussock sedge
Carex aquatilis var. altior (Rydb.) Fernald - water sedge
misapplied; see C. aquatilis var. substricta Carex aquatilis var. aquatilis - water sedge
known only from the North Shore (fide G. Wheeler) Carex aquatilis var. substricta Kükenthal - water sedge
Carex arcta Boott - bear sedge
Carex arctata Boott - drooping wood sedge
Carex assiniboinensis W. Boott - Assiniboin sedge
Carex atherodes Sprengel - slough sedge
Carex aurea Nuttall - golden fruited sedge
Gleason & Cronquist (1991) included C. garberi in this taxon Carex backii W. Boott - Back's sedge
Gleason & Cronquist (1991) included C. saximontana in this taxon Carex bebbii (L.H. Bailey) Olney ex Fernald - Bebb's sedge
Carex bicknellii Britton - Bicknell's sedge
Carex blanda Dewey - charming sedge
Carex brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie ex Lunell - plains oval sedge
Gleason & Cronquist (1991) included C. merritt-fernaldii and C. molesta in this taxon Carex bromoides Schkuhr ex Willdenow - brome-like sedge
Carex bromoides subsp. bromoides - brome-like sedge
Carex brunnescens (Persoon) Poiret - green bog sedge
Carex brunnescens subsp. brunnescens - brownish sedge
Carex brunnescens subsp. sphaerostachya (Tuckerman) Kalela - brownish sedge
Carex bushii Mackenzie - long scale green sedge
known only from Ramsey Co. (one population from a "storm water wetland", collected 1995) Carex buxbaumii Wahlenberg - Buxbaum's sedge
Carex canescens L. - gray bog sedge
Carex canescens subsp. canescens - silvery sedge
Carex canescens subsp. disjuncta (Fernald) Toivonen - silvery sedge
Carex canescens var. subloliacea Laestad. - Lapland sedge
misapplied to our flora, see subsp. canescens Carex capillaris L. - hair-like sedge
vars. not recognized; DNR watch list Carex careyana Torrey ex Dewey - Carey's sedge
northwest limit of distribution; endangered Carex castanea Wahlenberg - chestnut colored sedge
Carex cephaloidea (Dewey) Dewey - clustered bract sedge
Carex cephalophora Muhlenberg ex Willdenow - woodbank sedge
Carex chordorrhiza Ehrhart ex L. f. - cordroot sedge
Carex communis L.H. Bailey - fibrousroot sedge
Carex communis var. communis - colonial sedge
Carex comosa Boott - bristly sedge
Carex conjuncta Boott - jointed sedge
disjunct from southern IA and IL; known only from Rice Co. (last collected 1980) and restored wetland in Ramsey Co. (collected 1998); threatened Carex conoidea Willdenow - prairie gray sedge
this includes C. katahdinensis, which was on the state Threatened list Carex crawei Dewey - early fen sedge
Carex crawfordii Fernald - Crawford's sedge
Carex crinita Lamarck - fringed sedge
Carex crinita var. crinita - fringed sedge
Carex cristatella Britton - crested sedge
Carex crus-corvi Shuttleworth - raven's foot sedge
known only from Goodhue Co. (historical collection from 1885); Gleason & Cronquist (1991) included C. flava var. fertilis in this taxon; rare historic record Carex cryptolepis Mackenzie - northeastern sedge
Carex davisii Schweinitz & Torrey - Davis' sedge
northwest limit of distribution; threatened Carex debilis Michaux - white edge sedge
Carex debilis var. rudgei L.H. Bailey - weak sedge
Carex deflexa Hornemann - northern sedge
Carex deflexa var. deflexa - northern oak sedge
Carex deweyana Schweinitz - Dewey sedge
Carex deweyana var. deweyana - Dewey sedge
Carex diandra Schrank - bog panicled sedge
Carex disperma Dewey - two seed bog sedge
Carex divulsa Stokes - grassland sedge
erroneous report Carex duriuscula C.A. Meyer - hard sedge
Carex eburnea Boott - ivory sedge
Carex echinata Murray - star sedge
Carex echinata subsp. echinata - slender sedge
Carex echinodes (Fernald) Rothrock, Reznicek & Hipp - marsh straw sedge
recently (2009, Systematic Botany 34(2)) elevated from a variety of C. tenera to the species level Carex emoryi Dewey - Emory's sedge
Carex exilis Dewey - coastal sedge
special concern Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willdenow - fescue sedge
northwest limit of distribution; known only from Jackson Co. (one population, collected 1982); threatened Carex filifolia Nuttall - threadleaf sedge
Carex filifolia var. filifolia - filiform sedge
Carex flava L. - yellow sedge
special concern Carex foenea Willdenow - bronze headed sedge
(of Gleason & Cronquist) Carex formosa Dewey - handsome sedge
endangered Carex garberi Fernald - Garber's sedge
threatened Carex gracilescens Steudel - slender looseflower sedge
misapplied to our flora, see C. ormostachya; misapplied name Carex gracillima Schweinitz - graceful sedge
Carex granularis Muhlenberg ex Willdenow - granular sedge
vars. not recognized Carex gravida L.H. Bailey - long awned bracted sedge
Carex grayi J. Carey - bur sedge
special concern Carex grisea Wahlenberg - ambiguous sedge
Carex gynandra Schweinitz - nodding sedge
Carex gynocrates Wormskj̦ld ex Drejer - feminine sedge
Carex hallii Olney - Hall
special concern Carex haydenii Dewey - long scale tussock sedge
Carex hirtifolia Mackenzie - hairy leaved sedge
Carex hitchcockiana Dewey - hairy wood sedge
Carex hookeriana Dewey - Hooker's sedge
native from SD to MT and northward; known only from Becker Co. (one farm-road population, collected 2005, probably introduced); special concern Carex houghtoniana Torrey ex Dewey - Houghton's Sedge
Carex hystericina Muhlenberg ex Willdenow - porcupine sedge
Carex inops L.H. Bailey - long-stolon sedge
Carex inops subsp. heliophila (Mackenzie) Crins - sun sedge
Carex interior L.H. Bailey - interior sedge
Carex intumescens Rudge - greater bladder sedge
Carex jamesii Schweinitz - James' sedge
northwest limit of distribution; threatened Carex lacustris Willdenow - common lake sedge
Carex laeviconica Dewey - smoothcone sedge
Carex laevivaginata (Kük.) Mack. - smoothsheath sedge
northwest limit of distribution; threatened misapplied to our flora, see C. pellita; misapplied name Carex lapponica O. Lang - Lapland sedge
erroneous report Carex lasiocarpa Ehrhart - woollyfruit sedge
Carex lasiocarpa subsp. americana (Fernald) Hultén - wiregrass sedge
Carex laxiculmis Schweinitz - loose culmed sedge
Carex laxiculmis var. copulata (L.H. Bailey) Fernald - spreading sedge
Carex laxiculmis var. laxiculmis - loose culmed sedge
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from IA and WI Carex lenticularis Michaux - lakeshore sedge
Carex lenticularis var. lenticularis - lenticular sedge
Carex leptalea Wahlenberg - bristlystalked sedge
Carex leptonervia (Fernald) Fernald - fine nerved sedge
Carex limosa L. - candle lantern sedge
Carex livida (Wahlenberg) Willdenow - lead colored sedge
Carex lucorum Willdenow ex Link - Blue Ridge sedge
Carex lucorum var. lucorum - Blue Ridge sedge
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from WI and MI; DNR watch list Carex lupulina Willdenow - hop umbrella sedge
Carex lurida Wahlenberg - shallow sedge
known only from Mille Lacs Co.; only known specimen deposited at NY; DNR watch list Carex magellanica Lamarck - boreal bog sedge
Carex meadii Dewey - Mead's sedge
Carex media R. Brown ex Richardson - intermediate sedge
special concern Carex merritt-fernaldii Mackenzie - Fernald's sedge
Carex michauxiana Boeckeler - Michaux' sedge
Carex molesta Mackenzie ex Bright - field oval sedge
Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willdenow - sand bracted sedge
Carex muehlenbergii var. enervis Boott - Muehlenberg's sedge
report unverified Carex muehlenbergii var. muehlenbergii - Muehlenberg's sedge
special concern Carex muricata L. - rough sedge
misapplied to our flora, see C. echinata; misapplied name Carex muskingumensis Schweinitz - swamp oval sedge
special concern Carex normalis Mackenzie - spreading oval sedge
Carex norvegica Retz. - intermediate sedge
misapplied to our flora, see C. media Carex novae-angliae Schweinitz - New England sedge
range extension from WI; known only from Lake Co. (last collected 2006); threatened Carex obtusata Liljeblad - blunt sedge
special concern Carex oligocarpa Willdenow - few fruited sedge
Carex oligosperma Michaux - bog wiregrass sedge
Carex ormostachya Wiegand - slender loose flowered sedge
special concern Carex pallescens L. - pale green sedge
western limit of distribution; endangered Carex parryana Dewey - Parry's sedge
misapplied to our flora, see C. hallii; misapplied name Carex pauciflora Lightfoot - fewflower sedge
Carex peckii Howe - Peck's sedge
Carex pedunculata Muhlenberg ex Willdenow - longstalk sedge
Carex pellita Willdenow - woolly sedge
Gleason & Cronquist (1991) included C. lanuginosa in this taxon Carex pensylvanica Lamarck - sun loving sedge
Carex plantaginea Lamarck - plantainleaf sedge
western limit of distribution; endangered Carex praegracilis W. Boott - very slender sedge
Carex prairea Dewey - prairie sedge
Carex prasina Wahlenberg - drooping sedge
to be expected on forested seeps in the St. Croix Valley; known from the WI side in Burnett Co. Carex praticola Rydberg - prairie dweller sedge
special concern Carex projecta Mackenzie - projecting sedge
Carex pseudocyperus L. - cypress sedge
Carex radiata (Wahlenberg) Small - eastern star sedge
Carex retrorsa Schweinitz - retrorse sedge
Carex richardsonii R. Brown - prairie hummock sedge
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