University of Minnesota http://www.umn.edu/ 612-625-5000 Minnesota Biodiversity AtlasBell Museum Includes taxa from following child checklists:
Authors:
Anita Cholewa, George Weiblen, Katie Noren & Timothy Whitfeld
Less Details
Locality: Minnesota Abstract: A comprehensive, annotated list of the vascular plants known, or reported, to occur in Minnesota Family membership is according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (Bot. J. The checklist was originally developed as a document by Anita Cholewa and was subsequently
Common names as given in the USDA-NRCS Plants database (2008) are also provided, Protection status is indicated for species listed as either endangered, threatened or Click on a scientific name to view specimens and a distribution map.
Families: 159
Genera: 811
Species: 2693
Total Taxa (details): 2877
Juncus dudleyi Wiegand - Dudley's rush
Juncus effusus L. - soft rush
Juncus filiformis L. - thread like rush
Juncus gerardii Loiseleur-Deslongchamps - blackgrass rush
Juncus greenei Oakes & Tuckerman - Greene's rush
Juncus interior Wiegand - interior rush
Juncus longistylis Torrey - longstyle rush
Juncus marginatus Rostkovius - marginated rush
endangered Juncus nodosus L. - knotty rush
Juncus pelocarpus E. Meyer - brownfruit rush
Juncus stygius L. - moor rush
Juncus stygius var. americanus Buchenau - bog rush
special concern Juncus subtilis E. Meyer - slender rush
disjunct from eastern Canada; known only from Cook Co. (one wilderness population, collected 1998); endangered Juncus tenuis Willd. - path rush
Juncus torreyi Coville - Torrey's rush
Juncus vaseyi Engelmann - Vasey's rush
Juncus x gracilescens J. Hermann - slender rush
(J. alpinoarticulatus x brevicaudatus) Luzula acuminata Rafinesque - hairy woodrush
Luzula acuminata var. acuminata - pointed wood rush
Luzula campestris (L.) DC. - field woodrush
misapplied to our flora, see L. multiflora Luzula luzuloides (Lamarck) Dandy & Wilmott - oakforest woodrush
Luzula luzuloides subsp. luzuloides - Lamarck
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; last collected 1941) Luzula multiflora (Ehrhart) Lejeune - field woodrush
Luzula multiflora subsp. multiflora - many flowered wood rush
native to Eurasia Luzula parviflora (Ehrhart) Desvaux - smallflowered woodrush
vars. not recognized; threatened Triglochin maritima L. - common arrowgrass
Triglochin palustris L. - slender arrowgrass
Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze - fragrant giant hyssop
Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze - yellow giant hyssop
known only from Chippewa Co. (one population, collected 1938); rare historic record Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willdenow) Kuntze - purple giant hyssop
Ajuga genevensis L. - erect bugleweed
native to Eurasia; known only from Lake and St. Louis counties (last collected 2009) Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Bentham - wood mint
Blephilia subnuda R. Simmers & Kraul - Cumberland pagoda-plant
native to southern US Chaiturus marrubiastrum (L.) Spenn. - lion's tail
Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) House - limestone calamint
report unverified Clinopodium vulgare L. - wild basil
Dracocephalum parviflorum Nuttall - American dragonhead
Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunberg) Hylander - crested latesummer mint
native to Asia; known only from Anoka Co. (one collection, 1959) as escape from birdseed Galeopsis bifida Boenn. - splitlip hempnettle
Galeopsis tetrahit L. - split lip hemp nettle
Galeopsis tetrahit var. tetrahit - brittlestem hempnettle
Glechoma hederacea L. - creeping charlie
native to Eurasia; plant oil may be irritating Hedeoma drummondii Benth. - Drummond's false pennyroyal
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from ND, SD, NE Hedeoma hispida Pursh - rough false pennyroyal
Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Persoon - American false pennyroyal
native to eastern and southeastern US; known only from Houston Co. (historical collection from 1899); rare historic record Hyssopus officinalis L. - hyssop
native to Eurasia; known only from Chisago Co. (one riverbank population, collected 1938) Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. & Polatschek - yellow archangel
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; collected 2008) Lamium album L. - white dead nettle
native to Eurasia; known only from Ramsey Co. (last collected 1973) Lamium amplexicaule L. - henbit
native to Eurasia and northern Africa Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L. - yellow archangel
Lamium maculatum L. - spotted dead nettle
native to eastern Asia; known only from St. Louis Co. (one cemetery population, collected 2007) Leonurus cardiaca L. - motherwort
Leonurus cardiaca subsp. cardiaca - common motherwort
Leonurus marrubiastrum L. - horehound motherwort
native to Europe and northern Asia Leonurus sibiricus L. - Siberian motherwort
native to Asia Lycopus americanus Muhlenberg ex W.P.C. Barton - cut leaved bugleweed
Lycopus asper Greene - western water horehound
Lycopus uniflorus Michaux - northern bugleweed
Lycopus virginicus L. - Virginia bugleweed
Lycopus x sherardii Steele - Sherard's bugleweed
(L. uniflorus x virginicus) Marrubium vulgare L. - horehound
native to Eurasia; known only from Wabasha Co. (historical collections to 1890) Mentha arvensis L. - common mint
Mentha spicata L. - spearmint
native to Europe Mentha x gracilis Sole - ginger mint
Mentha x piperita L. - peppermint
(M. aquatica x spicata) cultigen of Europe; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN Moluccella laevis L. - bells of Ireland
native to Mediterranean region; known only from Isanti Co. (one homestead population, collected 1963), doubtfully persisting Monarda didyma L. - Oswego tea
native to eastern US Monarda fistulosa L. - wild bergamot
The nectar of the flowers attracts long-tongued bees, bee flies, butterflies, skippers, and hummingbird moths. Among the long-tongued bees, are such visitors as bumblebees, Miner bees, Epeoline Cuckoo bees, and large Leaf-Cutting bees. A small black bee (Dufourea monardae) specializes in the pollination of Monarda flowers. Sometimes Halictid bees collect pollen, while some wasps steal nectar by perforating the nectar tube. The Ruby-Throated Hummingbird also visits the flowers. The caterpillars of the moths Sphinx eremitus (Hermit Sphinx) and Agriopodes teratophora (Gray Marvel) feed on the foliage. A seed bug (Ortholomus scolopax) is sometimes found in the flowerheads., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/wld_bergamotx.htm Monarda fistulosa var. fistulosa - wild bergamot
Monarda fistulosa var. menthaefolia (Graham) Fernald - mintleaf bergamot
Monarda punctata L. - spotted beebalm
The nectar and pollen of the flowers attract honeybees, bumblebees, Miner bees (Melissodes spp.), and Plasterer bees (Colletes spp.); butterflies also visit the flowers of Spotted Bee Balm for nectar, including the endangered Lycaenides melissa samuelis (Karner Blue), which is found in sandy habitats. Insects that feed on the flowers, foliage or stems of Spotted Bee Balm include the caterpillars of the moths Pyrausta orphisalis (Pyralid Moth sp.), Pyrausta signatalis (Pyralid Moth sp.), and Agripodes teratophora (The Gray Marvel); the adults of Strigoderma arboricola (False Japanese Beetle, or Sandhill Chafer); and both nymphs and adults of Cydnoides ciliata (Negro Bug sp.) and Sehirus cinctus (White-Margined Burrower Bug)., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/sp_balm.htm Nepeta cataria L. - catnip
native to Eurasia Nepeta racemosa Lam. - raceme catnip
Origanum vulgare L. - oregano
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton - perilla mint
Perilla frutescens var. frutescens - beafsteak plant
Physostegia parviflora Nuttall ex A. Gray - western false dragonhead
erroneous report Physostegia virginiana (L.) Betham - false dragonhead
Bumblebees are the most important pollinators of the flowers. Occasionally, other long-tongued bees and the Ruby-Throated Hummingbird may visit the flowers., source: https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/obed_plantx.htm Physostegia virginiana subsp. praemorsa (Shinners) Cantino - obedient plant
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from NE, IA, IL Physostegia virginiana subsp. virginiana - obedient plant
Prunella vulgaris L. - common selfheal
Prunella vulgaris subsp. lanceolata (W.C.P. Barton) Hultén - lance selfheal
Prunella vulgaris subsp. vulgaris - heal all
native to Europe Pycnanthemum flexuosum (Walt.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg - narrow leaved mountain mint
native to southeastern US; reported for Minnesota by MN-DNR and NatureServe but no specimens at MIN Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. - narrowlead mountainmint
report unverified Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T. Durand & B.D. Jacks ex B.L. Robinson & Fernald - common mountain mint
Salvia azurea Michx. ex Lam. - azure blue sage
Salvia azurea var. grandiflora Benth. - pitcher sage
report unverified Salvia nutans L. - nodding salvia
native to southeastern Europe; known only from Clay Co. (one riverbank population, collected 1937) erroneous report Salvia reflexa Hornemann - Rocky Mountain sage
Salvia x sylvestris L. - woodland sage
Satureja arkansana (Nutt.) Briq. - limestone calamint
Satureja glabella var. angustifolia (Torr.) Svenson - limestone calamint
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS and NatureServe but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, WI, IL Scutellaria galericulata L. - hooded skullcap
Scutellaria lateriflora L. - mad dog skullcap
Scutellaria lateriflora var. lateriflora - blue skullcap
Scutellaria leonardii Epling - Leonard
included in S. parvula by some Scutellaria ovata Hill - heartleaf
Scutellaria ovata subsp. ovata - ovate leaf skullcap
Scutellaria ovata var. versicolor (Nuttall) Fernald - ovate leaf skullcap
northern limit of distribution; threatened Scutellaria parvula Michaux - prairie skullcap
Scutellaria parvula var. missouriensis (Torr.) Goodman & C.A. Lawson - Leonard's skullcap
Scutellaria parvula var. parvula - small skullcap
Stachys hispida Pursh - smooth hedge nettle
included in S. tenuifolia by some including USDA-NRCS Stachys palustris L. - woundwort
Stachys palustris var. pilosa (Nutt.) Fernald - hairy hedge-nettle
Stachys pilosa Nutt. - hairy hedgenettle
Stachys pilosa var. arenicola (Britton) Mulligan & Munro - hairy hedge-nettle
Stachys pilosa var. pilosa - hairy hedge-nettle
Stachys tenuifolia Willdenow - narrow leaved hedge nettle
Teucrium canadense L. - wood sage
Teucrium canadense var. canadense - Canada germander
Teucrium canadense var. occidentale (A. Gray) E.M. McClintock & Epling - western germander
Thymus praecox Opiz - mother of thyme
Thymus praecox subsp. arcticus (Durand) Jalas - creeping thyme
native to Eurasia; known only from Lake Co. (lakeshore population collected 1980); only specimen at DUL Thymus pulegioides L. - lemon thyme
native to Europe Thymus serpyllum L. - Breckland thyme
erroneous report Trichostema brachiatum L. - false pennyroyal
Pinguicula vulgaris L. - common butterwort
special concern Utricularia cornuta Michaux - naked bladderwort
Utricularia geminiscapa L. Benjamin - hidden-fruit bladderwort
range extension from IA and WI; threatened Utricularia gibba L. - creeping bladderwort
Utricularia intermedia Hayne - northern bladderwort
Utricularia macrorhiza Leconte - common bladderwort
Utricularia minor L. - lesser bladderwort
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG & Indonesia; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: aquatic; verified by: R. Camara Leret; reference: FM5; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753 Utricularia ochroleuca R.W. Hartm. - yellowishwhite bladderwort
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario and Manitoba Utricularia purpurea Walter - eastern purple bladderwort
endangered Utricularia resupinata B.D. Greene ex Bigelow - lavender bladderwort
threatened Utricularia vulgaris L. - greater bladderwort
Aletris farinosa L. - white colicroot
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known east of the Mississippi River Erythronium albidum Nuttall - white trout lily
vars. not recognized Erythronium americanum Ker Gawler - dogtooth violet
Erythronium americanum subsp. americanum - yellow trout lily
Erythronium propullans A. Gray - dwarf trout lily
federal and endemic to Minnesota; endangered Lilium lancifolium Thunberg - lance leaf tiger lily
native to China Lilium michiganense Farwell - Michigan lily
Lilium philadelphicum L. - wood lily
vars. not recognized Medeola virginiana L. - Indian-cucumber
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, WI, IL Prosartes trachycarpa S. Watson - drops of gold
disjunct from western US and Canada; known only from Cook Co. (last collected 2000); endangered Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) de Candolle - claspleaf twistedstalk
vars. not recognized Streptopus lanceolatus (Aiton) Reveal - rosy twisted stalk
Floerkea proserpinacoides Willdenow - false mermaid
threatened Linum lewisii Pursh - prairie flax
Linum lewisii var. lewisii - prairie flax
Linum perenne L. - blue flax
native to Europe; known only from Goodhue Co. (Frontenac SP), introduced with roadside plantings (collected 1999) Linum rigidum Pursh - stiff stem yellow flax
Linum rigidum var. rigidum - stiffstem flax
Linum rigidum var. simulans C.M. Rogers - stiffstem flax
Linum sulcatum Riddell - grooved yellow flax
Linum sulcatum var. sulcatum - grooved flax
Linum usitatissimum L. - cultivated flax
native to Europe; seeds possibly toxic Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell - yellowseed false pimpernel
Linnaea borealis L. - twinflower
Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh) Urban - tenpetal blazingstar
Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) Torrey & A. Gray - bractless blazingstar
Lobelia cardinalis L. - cardinalflower
Lobelia dortmanna L. - water lobelia
Lobelia inflata L. - Indian-tobacco
plant potentially toxic Lobelia kalmii L. - Kalm
Lobelia siphilitica L. - great lobelia
The nectar and pollen of the flowers attract primarily bumblebees and other long-tongued bees (Anthophora spp., Melissodes spp., Svastra spp.). Less common visitors include the Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, large butterflies, and Halictid bees. The Halictid bees collect pollen only and they are non-pollinating. The caterpillars of a moth, Enigmogramma basigera (Pink-washed Looper Moth), feed on the foliage of Great Blue Lobelia (Schweitzer & Roberts, 2007)., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/wetland/plants/gb_lobeliax.htm Lobelia siphilitica var. ludoviciana A.L.P.P. de Candolle - Ontario lobelia
Lobelia siphilitica var. siphilitica - Ontario lobelia
Lobelia spicata Lamarck - palespike lobelia
Lobelia spicata var. campanulata McVaugh - palespike lobelia
reported by USDA-NRCS for Minnesota but no specimens at MIN; known from Manitoba, Ontario, WI, IA Lobelia spicata var. hirtella A. Gray - palespike lobelia
Lobelia spicata var. spicata - palespike lobelia
Diphasiastrum complanatum L. - groundcedar
Diphasiastrum digitatum (Dillenius ex A. Braun) Holub - southern groundcedar
Diphasiastrum tristachyum (Pursh) Holub - wiry groundcedar
Diphasiastrum x habereri (House) Holub - Haberer's groundcedar
(D. digitatum x tristachyum) easily confused with both parents Diphasiastrum x zeilleri (Rouy) Holub - Zeiller's groundcedar
(D. complanatum x tristachyum) Huperzia appalachiana Beitel & Mickel - Appalachian fir moss
hybridizes frequently with H. selago and rarely (one population, collected 2001 from Cook Co.) with H. lucidula; special concern misapplied to our flora, see H. appalachiana; misapplied name Huperzia lucidula (Michaux) Trevisan - shining fir moss
Huperzia porophila (F.E. Lloyd & L. Underwood) Holub - rock fir moss
disjunct from IL and IN; threatened Huperzia selago (L.) Bernhardi ex Schrank & Martius - northern fir moss
vars./subsp. not recognized Huperzia x bartleyi (Cusick) Kartesz & Gandhi - Bartley's clubmoss
(H. lucidula x porophila) sterile hybrid; range extension from Great Lakes states; known only from Lake Co. (Tettegouche State Park, collected 2001) Huperzia x buttersii (Abbe) Kartesz & Gandhi - Butters' fir-moss
(H. lucidula x selago) Huperzia x josephbeitellii A. Haines - clubmoss
(H. appalachiana x selago) (H. appalachiana x lucidula) Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub - bog clubmoss
Upland-Conifer Forest, Clubmoss Family Lycopodium clavatum L. - common clubmoss
Upland-Conifer Forest, status: not endemic; distribution: PNG & Indonesia; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: W. Testo; reference: Field & Bostock, 2012; Ollgaard 1987; GBIF; IPNI; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753 Lycopodium complanatum L. - groundcedar
Upland-Conifer Forest, Clubmoss Family Lycopodium dendroideum Michaux - round branched groundpine
Lycopodium hickeyi W.H. Wagner, Beitel & R.C. Moran - princess pine
Lycopodium lucidulum - shining fir moss
Lycopodium obscurum L. - flat branched tree clubmoss
Upland-Conifer Forest, Clubmoss Family Ammannia coccinea C.F. Rottb - ammannia
Ammannia robusta Heer & Regel - grand redstem
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from all adjacent states Decodon verticillatus (L.) Elliott - water willow
special concern Didiplis diandra (Nuttall ex de Candolle) A.W. Wood - waterpurslane
only known specimen from Minnesota (Mower Co.) deposited at MO; rare historic record Lythrum alatum Pursh - winged lythrum
Lythrum alatum var. alatum - wing angled loosestrife
Lythrum salicaria L. - purple loosestrife
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious weed and MN-DNR Prohibited Invasive Species list, first collected 1924, Ramsey Co. Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne - lowland toothcup
threatened Abutilon theophrasti Medikus - velvetleaf
native to southern Asia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1876, Hennepin Co. Alcea rosea L. - hollyhock
Althaea officinalis L. - common marshmallow
native to Europe; known only fro Winona Co. (collected 1994) Althaea rosea (L.) Cavanilles - hollyhock
native to Europe; known only from Fillmore Co. (one parking-lot population, collected 1982), doubtfully persisting Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray - purple poppymallow
Callirhoe involucrata var. involucrata - purple poppymallow
report unverified Callirhoe triangulata (Leavenworth) A. Gray - clustered poppymallow
native from WI, IA and southward; known only from Wabasha Co. (one population, collected 2008) Hibiscus esculentus L. - gumbo
native to Asian tropics; known only from Sherburne Co., Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge (collected 1972), doubtfully persisting Hibiscus laevis Allioni - smooth hibiscus
range extension from IA; known only from Ramsey Co. (one railroad population, collected 2000) Hibiscus trionum L. - Venice mallow
native to southern Europe; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1878, Hennepin Co. Lavatera thuringiaca L. - tree lavatera
native to southern Europe; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; doubtfully persisting annual Malva moschata L. - musk mallow
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (lawn weed, collected 2007) Malva neglecta Wallroth - round leaf mallow
native from Eurasia and northern Africa Malva parviflora L. - cheeseweed mallow
Malva rotundifolia L. - round leaf mallow
native to Europe Malva sylvestris L. - high mallow
native to Eurasia; yard weed, doubtfully persisting Malva verticillata L. - cluster mallow
native to Asia; known only from Kittson Co. (one riverbank population, collected 1958), doubtfully persisting Napaea dioica L. - glademallow
northwest limit of distribution; threatened Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nuttall) Rydberg - scarlet globemallow
Sphaeralcea coccinea var. coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. - scarlet globemallow
report unverified Tilia americana L. - American basswood
Not native in Minnesota. Introduced as an urban landscape tree., source: minnesotawildflowers.info Tilia x europaea L. - common linden
(Tilia cordata x platyphyllos) Marsilea vestita Hooker & Greville - hairy waterclover
northeast limit of distribution; endangered Trillium cernuum L. - nodding trillium
vars. not recognized Trillium flexipes Rafinesque - drooping trillium
Trillium grandiflorum (Michaux) Salisbury - large flowered trillium trillium
Trillium nivale Riddell - dwarf white trillium
special concern Zigadenus elegans Pursh - white camass
plants poisonous; vars. not recognized Menispermum canadense L. - Canadian moonseed
seeds possibly poisonous Menyanthes trifoliata L. - bog buckbean
Mollugo verticillata L. - Indian chickweed
native to tropical America, now widely established (archeological evidence indicates a pre-Columbian presence at least as far north as TN) Fatoua villosa (Thunberg) Nakai - mulberry weed
Morus alba L. - Russian mulberry
native to eastern Asia; hybrizes with M. rubra and the hybrids spreading rapidly in the state (M. Nepal, pers. comm.) and frequently mistaken for this parent Morus rubra L. - red mulberry
known ony from SE counties; rare historic record Comptonia peregrina (L.) J.M. Coulter - sweet fern
Myrica gale L. - sweetgale
Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U. Manns & Anderberg - scarlet pimpernel
native to Europe (last collected 1902); (nomenclatural change was made after FNA went to press; see Willdenowia 39: 51. 2009) (nomenclatural change was made after FNA went to press; see Willdenowia 39: 51. 2009) Lysimachia ciliata L. - fringed loosestrife
Lysimachia hybrida Michaux - lowland yellow loosestrife
Lysimachia lanceolata Walter - lanceleaf loosestrife
to be expected especially in southeastern Minnesota on moist sites; known from IA, WI, Ontario, and Manitoba Lysimachia maritima (L.) Galasso, Banfi & Soldano - sea milkwort
known only from Kittson Co. (last collected 1992); endangered Lysimachia minima (L.) U. Manns & Anderberg - chaffweed
known only from Big Stone Co. (collected 1901); (nomenclatural change made after FNA went to press (see Willdenowia 39: 52. 2009); rare historic record Lysimachia nummularia L. - moneywort
native to Europe; rarely producing seed Lysimachia quadriflora Sims - prairie loosestrife
Lysimachia quadrifolia L. - fourflower yellow loosestrife
northwest limit of distribution; known only from Pine Co. (last collected 2000); special concern Lysimachia terrestris (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg - yellow swamp loosestrife
Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. - swamp loosestrife
Lysimachia vulgaris L. - garden yellow loosestrife
native to Eurasia; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; last collected 1993) Lysimachia x commixta Fernald - mixed loosestrife
(L. terrestris x thyrsiflora) known only from Washington Co. (one riverbank population, collected 1961); rarely producing seed Nelumbo lutea Willdenow - yellow lotus
Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl - hairy umbrellawort
Mirabilis hirsuta (Pursh) MacMill. - hairy umbrellawort
Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl - narrowleaf four oÕclock
Mirabilis linearis var. linearis - narrow leaf umbrellawort
known only from Houston Co. (historical collections to 1899) but to be expected along the Dakota borders in disturbed rocky or gravelly sites Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michaux) MacMillan - heart leaf umbrellawort
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. - yellow pond-lily
Nuphar lutea subsp. pumila (Timm) E.O. Beal - yellow pond-lily
misapplied to our flora, see N. microphylla Nuphar microphylla (Persoon) Fernald - yellow pond-lily
Nuphar rubrodisca Morong - yellow pond-lily
possibly a hybrid (sometimes sterile) of N. microphylla and N. variegata Nuphar variegata Durand - yellow pond-lily
subsp. not recognized Nymphaea leibergii Morong - small white waterlily
threatened Nymphaea odorata Aiton - fragrant waterlily
Nymphaea odorata subsp. odorata - American white waterlily
Nymphaea odorata subsp. tuberosa (Paine) Wiersema & Hellquist - American white waterlily
Nymphaea tetragona Georgi - small white waterlily
misapplied to our flora, see N. leibergii Fraxinus americana L. - white ash
Fraxinus nigra Marshall - black ash
Oak Savanna, Frá-xi-nus, ancient Latin name; nì-gra, black Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall - green ash
Oak Savanna, Frá-xi-nus, ancient Latin name; penn-syl-vá-ni-ca, of Pennsylvania Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. - blue ash
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, WI, IA Syringa reticulata (Blume) H. Hara - Japanese tree lilac
naturalized only from Ramsy Co. (city park, collected 2008) Syringa reticulata subsp. reticulata - Japanese tree lilac
naturalized only in St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; last collected 2009) Syringa villosa Vahl - late lilac
native to China Syringa vulgaris L. - common lilac
native to southern Europe Syringa x persica L. - Persian lilac
(S. afghanica x laciniata) native to Asia; known only from Isanti Co. (one population, collected 1971), probable garden escapee Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. - fireweed
Circaea alpina L. - small enchanter's nightshade
Circaea alpina subsp. alpina - alpine enchanter's nightshade
Circaea canadensis (L.) Hill - common enchanter's nightshade
Circaea canadensis subsp. canadensis - broadleaf enchanter's nightshade
(Circaea alpina x canadensis) Epilobium brachycarpum C. Presl - tall annual willowherb
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; probably based on a misidentified specimen; known from Canada, ND, SD, WI Epilobium ciliatum Raf. - American willowherb
Epilobium ciliatum subsp. ciliatum - fringed willowherb
Epilobium ciliatum subsp. glandulosum (Lehm.) Hoch & P.H. Raven - fringed willowherb
included in E. ciliatum by some as a subspecies or variety Epilobium coloratum Biehler - eastern willowherb
Epilobium densum Raf. - downy willowherb
Epilobium leptophyllum Rafinesque - linear leaved willowherb
Epilobium palustre L. - marsh willowherb
Epilobium strictum Muhlenberg ex Sprengel - downy willowherb
Epilobium x wisconsinense Ugent - Wisconsin willowherb
(E. ciliatum x coloratum) Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliott - common water primrose
Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H. Raven - floating primrose-willow
Ludwigia polycarpa Short & R. Peter - false loosestrife
Oenothera biennis L. - common evening primrose
Moths pollinate the flowers, particularly Sphinx moths. Other occasional visitors include the Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, honeybees, bumblebees, and Anthedonia compta (Primrose Miner Bee), the latter being an oligolege. These insects seek nectar, although some of the bees collect pollen. The caterpillars of several moths feed on the foliage. This includes Endryas unio (Pearly Wood Nymph), Desmia funeralis (Grape Leaffolder Moth), Hyles lineata (White-Lined Sphinx), and Mompha eloisella (Momphid Moth; bores through stems). Various beetles feed on the foliage, including Popillia japonica (Japanese Beetle), Grahops pubescens (Leaf Beetle sp.), Altica fusconenea (Flea Beetle sp.), and several Curculio beetles., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/cm_primrosex.htm Oenothera clelandii W. Dietrich, P.H. Raven & W.L. Wagner - lesser four point evening primrose
Oenothera curtiflora W.L.Wagner & Hoch - velvetweed
Oenothera gaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch - biennial gaura
Oenothera laciniata Hill - cutleaf evening primrose
Oenothera nuttallii Sweet - Nuttall's evening primrose
Oenothera oakesiana (A. Gray) Robbins ex. S. Wats. & J.M. Coult. - Oak's evening primrose
Oenothera parviflora L. - small flowered evening primrose
Oenothera perennis L. - little sundrops
Oenothera pilosella Raf. - meadow evening primrose
Oenothera rhombipetala Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray - rhombic evening primrose
special concern Oenothera serrulata Nutt. - toothed evening primrose
Oenothera suffrutescens (Ser.) W.L. Wagner & Hoch - scarlet gaura
Oenothera villosa Thunb. - hairy evening primrose
Oenothera villosa subsp. strigosa (Rydb.) W. Dietr. & P.H. Raven - hairy evening primrose
Oenothera villosa subsp. villosa - hairy evening primrose
Botrychium acuminatum W.H. Wagner - pointed moonwort
restricted to Lake Superior region; known only from Cook Co. (last collected 1999); special concern Botrychium ascendens W.H. Wagner - upswept moonwort
known only from mine dumps in Crow Wing Co. (and one location in St. Louis Co.); disjunct from the western montane region and Hudson Bay; endangered Botrychium campestre W.H. Wagner & Farrar - prairie moonwort
special concern Botrychium crenulatum W. H. Wagner - scalloped moonwort
DNR watch list Botrychium dissectum Spreng. - dissected grape fern
Botrychium gallicomontanum Farrar & Johnson-Groh - Frenchman's Bluff grape fern
previously thought to be endemic to Minnesota (fide D. Farrar a population also exists in MT); endangered Botrychium hesperium (Maxon & R.T. Clausen) W.H. Wagner & Lellinger - western moonwort
one specimen previously identified by W.H. Wagner as possibly this species, was later annotated as coming from a population of B. matricariifolium. Botrychium hesperium is known from the Thunder Bay area of Ontario and Upper Peninsula MI; erroneous record Botrychium lanceolatum - lanceleaf grapefern
Botrychium lanceolatum subsp. angustisegmentum (Pease & A.H. Moore) R.T. Clausen - narrow triangle moonwort
threatened Botrychium lineare W.H. Wagner - linear leaved moonwort
Wagner & Wagner did not include this species in their treatment for FNA; known only from mine dumps in St. Louis Co. (collected 2007); disjunct from MT; endangered Botrychium lunaria (L.) Swartz - common moonwort
threatened Botrychium matricariifolium (Rezt.) A.Braun ex W.D.J.Koch - matricary grape fern
Botrychium michiganense W.H. Wagner ex A.V. Gilman, Farrar & Zika - Michigan moonwort
Botrychium minganense Victorin - Mingan moonwort
special concern Botrychium mormo W.H. Wagner - goblin fern
threatened Botrychium multifidum (S.G. Gmelin) Ruprecht - leathery grape fern
unpublished Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) House - blunt-lobed grape fern
western limit of distribution; threatened Botrychium pallidum W.H. Wagner - pale moonwort
mostly limited to upper Great Lakes region; special concern Botrychium pedunculosum W.H. Wagner - stalked moonwort
Botrychium pseudopinnatum W.H. Wagner - false northwestern moonwort
range extension from Ontario; known only from St. Louis County (only known specimen at DUL) Botrychium rugulosum W.H. Wagner - St. Lawrence grape fern
western limit of distribution Botrychium simplex E. Hitchcock - least moonwort
special concern Botrychium spathulatum W.H. Wagner - spoon leaf moonwort
known only from Crow Wing and Cook counties; endangered Botrychium virginianum (L.) Swartz - common grape fern
Ophioglossum pusillum Rafinesque - northern adder's tongue
Amerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Hult̩n - small round leaved orchis
Arethusa bulbosa L. - dragon's-mouth
Calopogon oklahomensis D.H. Goldman - Oklahoma grasspink
Calopogon tuberosus (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg - tuberous grass-pink
Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus - tuberous grasspink
Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes - fairy slipper
Calypso bulbosa var. americana (R. Brown) Luer - calypso orchid
Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartman - long bract orchid
vars. not recognized Corallorhiza maculata (Rafinesque) Rafinesque - spotted coralroot
Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata - summer coralroot
Corallorhiza maculata var. occidentalis (Lindley) Ames - summer coralroot
Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willdenow) Poiret - autumn coralroot
Corallorhiza odontorhiza var. odontorhiza - small flower coralroot
Corallorhiza striata Lindley - hooded coralroot
Corallorhiza striata var. striata - striped coralroot
Corallorhiza trifida Châtel. - early coralroot
Cypripedium acaule Aiton - stemless lady slipper
may cause skin irritation Cypripedium arietinum R. Brown - ram's head lady's slipper
may cause skin irritation; threatened may cause skin irritation; special concern Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury - greater yellow lady
may cause skin irritation Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin (Farwell) Sheviak - greater yellow lady's slipper
Cypripedium parviflorum var. parviflorum - greater yellow lady's slipper
misapplied; see Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens (Willdenow) O.W. Knight - greater yellow lady's slipper
Cypripedium reginae Walter - showy lady's slipper
may cause skin irritation Cypripedium x andrewsii A.M. Fuller - Andrews's lady slipper
Cypripedium x andrewsii var. andrewsii - Andrews's lady-slipper
report unverified Cypripedium x andrewsii var. favillianum (J. T. Curtis) B. Boivin - Andrews's lady-slipper
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz - broadleaf helleborine
Galearis spectabilis (L.) Rafinesque - showy orchis
Goodyera pubescens (Willdenow) R. Brown - downy rattlesnake orchid
Goodyera repens (L.) R. Brown - lesser rattlesnake orchid
vars. not recognized Goodyera tesselata Loddiges - tesselated rattlesnake plantain
Habenaria hyperborea (L.) R. Br. - northern bog orchid
misapplied; see Platanthera aquilonis or Platanthera huronensis Liparis liliifolia (L.) Richard ex Lindley - purple twayblade
Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. - Loesel
Listera auriculata Wiegand - eared twayblade
western limit of distribution; endangered Listera convallarioides (Swartz) Nuttall ex Elliott - broad leaved twayblade
known only from Cook Co. (one population, collected 1924); special concern Listera cordata (L.) R. Brown - heartleaf twayblade
Listera cordata var. cordata - heartleaf twayblade
Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Swartz - adder's-mouth orchid
Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda (A. Gray) F. Morris & E.A. Eames - white adder's-mouth orchid
special concern Malaxis paludosa (L.) Swartz - bog adder's-mouth orchid
southern limit of distribution; endangered Malaxis unifolia Michaux - green adder's-mouth orchid
Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak - northern green orchid
Platanthera clavellata (Michaux) Luer - club spur orchid
special concern Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindley ex L.C. Beck - scentbottle
Platanthera dilatata var. dilatata - tall white bog orchid
Platanthera flava (L.) Lindley - palegreen orchid
Platanthera flava var. herbiola (R. Brown) Luer - tubercled rein orchid
northwest limit of distribution; threatened Platanthera hookeri (Torrey ex A. Gray) Lindley - Hooker's orchid
Platanthera huronensis (Nuttall) Lindley - northern bog orchid
Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl. - northern bog orchid
misapplied; see Platanthera huronensis or Platanthera aquilonis Platanthera lacera (Michaux) G. Don - ragged fringed orchid
Platanthera obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Lindley - small northern bog orchid
Platanthera orbiculata (Pursh) Lindley - large round leaf orchid
Platanthera praeclara Sheviak & M.L. Bowles - western prairie fringed orchid
federal threatened species; Minnesota endangered species Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. - small purple fringed orchid
vars. not recognized Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker Gawler - rose pogonia
Spiranthes casei Catling & Cruise - Case's lady's tresses
Spiranthes casei var. casei - Case's lady's tresses
threatened Spiranthes cernua (L.) Richard - nodding lady's tresses
Spiranthes lacera (Rafinesque) Rafinesque - northern slender lady
Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer - northern slender lady's tresses
known only from Hennepin Co. (historical collection from 1889) Spiranthes lacera var. lacera - northern slender lady's tresses
Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak - Great Plains lady's tresses
Spiranthes romanzoffiana Chamisso - hooded lady's tresses
Spiranthes x simpsonii Catling & Sheviak - Simpson's lady's-tresses
report unverified; see S. lacera x ramanzoffiana Agalinis aspera (Douglas ex Bentham) Britton - rough gerardia
Agalinis auriculata (Michaux) S.F. Blake - eared false foxglove
northwest limit of distribution; endangered Agalinis gattingeri (Small) Small - roundstem false foxglove
northwest limit of distribution; endangered Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell - purple gerardia
Agalinis purpurea var. parviflora (Bentham) B. Boivin - smallflower false foxglove
Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Rafinesque - slenderleaf false foxglove
Aphyllon fasciculatum (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray - clustered broomrape
parasitic weed; threatened Aphyllon ludovicianum (Nutt.) A. Gray - Louisiana broomrape
federal noxious weed; threatened Aphyllon uniflorum (L.) Torr. & A. Gray - one-flowered broomrape
federal noxious weed; threatened Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Rafinesque - fernleaf yellow false foxglove
threatened Castilleja coccinea (L.) Sprengel - painted cup
Castilleja septentrionalis Lindley - northern paintbrush
southwest limit of distribution; endangered Castilleja sessiliflora Pursh - downy paintbrush
Euphrasia hudsoniana Fernald & Wiegand - Hudson Bay eyebright
Euphrasia hudsoniana var. contracta P.D. Sell & Yeo - Hudson Bay eyebright
report unverified Euphrasia hudsoniana var. ramosior Sell & Yeo - Hudson Bay eyebright
special concern Euphrasia micrantha Rchb. - northern eyebright
Euphrasia nemorosa (Pers.) Wallr. - common eyebright
Euphrasia officinalis L. - Tartary eyebright
native to Europe; DNR watch list Euphrasia stricta J.P. Wolff ex J.F. Lehm. - drug eyebright
Odontites vernus (Bellardi) Dumort. - red bartsia
Odontites vernus subsp. serotinus Corb. - red bartsia
Orthocarpus luteus Nuttall - golden tongue owl clover
Pedicularis canadensis L. - wood betony
Pedicularis lanceolata Michaux - swamp lousewort
Osmunda claytoniana L. - interrupted fern
Osmunda regalis L. - royal fern
Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis (Willdenow) A. Gray - royal fern
Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C. Presl - cinnamon fern
(see J.S. Metzgar et al., 2008, Systematic Botany 33(1): 31-36 for discussion of the name change) Oxalis dillenii N.J. Jacquin - southern wood sorrel
Oxalis montana Raf. - mountain woodsorrel
Oxalis stricta L. - yellow wood sorrel
Oxalis violacea L. - violet woodsorrel
Chelidonium majus L. - celandine
native to Eurasia Eschscholzia californica Cham. - California poppy
Eschscholzia californica subsp. californica - California poppy
Papaver rhoeas L. - corn poppy
native from Eurasia and west Africa; occasionally found as annual escape but generally not persisting Papaver somniferum L. - common poppy
native to Mediterranean region; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; collected 1978) Sanguinaria canadensis L. - bloodroot
plant toxic Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell. - ram's-horn
report unverified Penthorum sedoides L. - ditch stonecrop
Erythranthe geyeri (Torr.) G.L. Nesom - Geyer's yellow monkey flower
Mimulus ringens L. - Allegheny monkey flower
Mimulus ringens var. ringens - blue monkey flower
Phryma leptostachya L. - American lopseed
Phytolacca americana L. - American pokeweed
Phytolacca americana var. americana - pokeberry
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, WI, IA Abies balsamea (L.) Miller - balsam fir
may cause skin irritation Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poiret - fraser fir
native to southeastern US; known only from Kanabec Co. (collected 1999), probable escapee from tree farm Larix decidua Miller - European larch
native to Eurasia Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch - eastern larch
Picea abies (L.) H. Karsten - Norway spruce
native to Europe Picea glauca (Moench) Voss - white spruce
Picea mariana (Miller) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg - black spruce
Picea pungens Engelmann - blue spruce
native to western US; known only from Lake of the Woods Co. (collected 1981), probable escapee from plantation invalid name; see P. glauca x mariana Pinus banksiana Lambert - jack pine
Upland-Conifer Forest, Pine Family Not native in Minnesota. Not native in Minnesota. Planted. Pinus resinosa Aiton - Norway pine
Upland-Conifer Forest, Pine Family Pinus rigida Miller - pitch pine
native to eastern US and Canada; known only from Washington Co. (collected 1960), escapee from plantation Pinus strobus L. - eastern white pine
Upland-Conifer Forest, Pine Family Pinus sylvestris L. - scotch pine
native to Europe Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco - douglas-fir
native to the Pacific Northwest; known only from Winona Co. (collected 1967), escapee from plantation Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carri̬re - eastern hemlock
endangered endangered Bacopa rotundifolia (Michaux) R. Wettstein - water hyssop
threatened Callitriche hermaphroditica L. - autumn water starwort
Callitriche heterophylla Pursh - twoheaded water-starwort
threatened Callitriche heterophylla subsp. heterophylla - twoheaded water-starwort
Callitriche palustris L. - spring water starwort
Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange - dwarf snapdragon
native to Europe Chelone glabra L. - white turtlehead
Chelone obliqua L. - purple turtlehead
Chelone obliqua var. speciosa Pennell & Wherry - red turtlehead
Digitalis grandiflora Lamarck - yellow foxglove
native to Europe and western Asia; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one weedy population, collected 1997) Digitalis lanata J.F. Ehrhart - Grecian foxglove
native to southern Europe; known only from Washington Co. (last collected 1999); known to be invasive Gratiola neglecta Torrey - disk hyssop
Hippuris vulgaris L. - clammy hedgehyssop
Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. - narrowleaf paleseed
report unverified Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller - Dalmatian toadflax
Linaria dalmatica subsp. dalmatica - Dalmatian toadflax
native to eastern Mediterranean region Linaria genistifolia (L.) Miller - broad leaved toadflax
native to Europe; known only from Pope Co. (one roadside population, collected 1938) Linaria vulgaris Miller - butter and eggs
native to Europe Littorella americana Fernald - American shoreweed
special concern Littorella uniflora (L.) Ascherson - shoreweed
Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A. Sutton - Canada toadflax
special concern Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton - Texas toadflax
reported for Minnesota by the Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains 1986 but no specimens at MIN; known from Saskatchewan, ND, SD, NE Penstemon albidus Nutt. - white beardtongue
Penstemon digitalis Nuttall ex Sims - foxglove beardtongue
The tubular flowers of this plant attract long-tongued bees, including honeybees, bumblebees, Anthophorine bees, Miner bees, Mason bees, and large Leaf-Cutting bees. To a lesser extent, Halictid bees, butterflies, Sphinx moths, and hummingbirds may visit the flowers, but they are not effective pollinators. The caterpillars of the moth Elaphria chalcedonia (Chalcedony Midget) feed on the foliage of this and other beardtongues. There have been a few reports that the caterpillars of the butterfly Euphydryes phaeton (Baltimore) feed on the foliage of various beardtongues., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/fx_penstemonx.htm Penstemon gracilis Nuttall - slender beardtongue
Penstemon grandiflorus Nuttall - large flowered beardtongue
Penstemon laevigatus Aiton - eastern smooth beardtongue
native to southeastern US; known only from Stearns Co. (collected 1971), possible garden escape; erroneous record Penstemon pallidus Small - eastern white beardtongue
Penstemon smallii A. Heller - Small's beardtongue
Plantago aristata Michaux - largebracted plantain
Plantago elongata Pursh - slender plantain
special concern Plantago eriopoda Torrey - alkali plantain
Plantago lanceolata L. - English plantain
native to Eurasia; state DOA restricted weed, first collected 1891, Brown and Cook counties Plantago major L. - great plantain
native to Eurasia Plantago patagonica N.J. Jacquin - woolly plantain
Plantago psyllium L. - leafy stem plantain
native to eastern Mediterranean region Plantago rugelii Decaisne - black seed plantain
Plantago virginica L. - hoary plantain
known only from Cook Co. (one population, collected 1944); rare historic record Synthyris bullii (Eaton) A. Heller - kittentails
northwest limit of distribution; threatened Veronica americana Schweinitz ex Bentham - American brooklime
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. - water speedwell
Veronica arvensis L. - corn speedwell
native to Eurasia Veronica austriaca L. - broadleaf speedwell
Veronica austriaca subsp. teucrium (L.) D.A. Webb - broadleaf speedwell
native to Eurasia; known only from Lake Co. (one lakeshore population, collected 1999) Veronica longifolia L. - seaside veronica
native to Europe Veronica peregrina L. - hairy purslane speedwell
Veronica peregrina var. peregrina - neckweed
Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell - hairy purslane speedwell
Veronica persica Poiret - birdeye speedwell
native to southwestern Asia Veronica prostrata L. - prostrate speedwell
erroneous report Veronica saturejifolia Poit. & Turpin - basil-leaved speedwell
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; lawn weed, collected 2002) Veronica scutellata L. - marsh speedwell
Veronica serpyllifolia L. - thymeleaf speedwell
Veronica serpyllifolia var. humifusa (J.J. Dickson) Syme - thymeleaf speedwell
Veronica serpyllifolia var. serpyllifolia - thymeleaf speedwell
native to Europe Veronica verna L. - spring speedwell
native to Europe Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. - culver's root
The most common visitors to the flowers are long-tongued and short-tongued bees, which collect pollen or suck nectar. This includes honeybees, bumblebees, Mason bees, Green Metallic bees, Masked bees, and others. Other kinds of insect visitors include Sphecid wasps, butterflies, moths, and Syrphid flies. The latter include species that feed on pollen only and are non-pollinating. Culver's Root doesn't appear to be bothered by leaf-chewing insects, source: https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/culverx.htm eastern limit of distribution; endangered Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertner - crested wheatgrass
native to Eurasia Agrostis alba L. - black bent
misapplied to our flora, see A. gigantea or A. stolonifera Agrostis canina L. - velvet bentgrass
erroneous report Agrostis gigantea Roth - black bent
native to Eurasia northwestern edge of range; known only from southeastern Minnesota (Anoka Co. populations prob. introduced); previous widespread reports were based on previous inclusion of A. scabra in this taxon; endangered Agrostis perennans (Walter) E. Tuckerman - autumn bent
Agrostis scabra Willdenow - ticklegrass
native to Pacific coastal countries, introduced elsewhere; includes A. gigantea which was on the state Special Concern list Agrostis stolonifera L. - redtop
both native and introduced (from Eurasia) forms may occur but vars. not recognized Alopecurus aequalis Sobolewsky - short-awn foxtail
Alopecurus aequalis var. aequalis - shortawn foxtail
Introduced from Eurasia Alopecurus carolinianus Walter - tufted meadow foxtail
Alopecurus geniculatus L. - water foxtail
native to Eurasia; reported for Minnesota (southwestern counties) by FNA but no specimens at MIN Alopecurus pratensis L. - meadow foxtail
native to Eurasia Ammophila breviligulata Fernald - American beachgrass
Ammophila breviligulata subsp. breviligulata - American beachgrass
western limit of distribution; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; last collected 1983); threatened Andropogon gerardii Vitman - big bluestem
Oak Savanna, An-dro-pò-gon, from Greek aner, man, and pogon, beard; ge-rár-di-i, for Louis Gérhard, 1733-1819 Andropogon hallii Hackel - beardgrass
native to the Great Plains; introduced with roadside/wildlife plantings Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. - annual vernalgrass
erroneous report Introduced from Europe Aristida basiramea Engelman ex Vasey - base branched three awn
Oak Savanna, A-rís-ti-da, form arista, a beard or awn; ba-si-rà-me-a, branching from base Aristida dichotoma Michaux - povertygrass
Aristida dichotoma var. curtissii A. Gray - Curtis's threeawn
Aristida dichotoma var. dichotoma - churchmouse threeawn
possibly also occurring but no specimens at MIN Aristida longespica Poiret - plains three awn
Aristida longespica var. geniculata (Rafinesque) Fernald - slimspike threeawn
known only from Anoka Co. (last collected 2005) but probably introduced; endangered Aristida longespica var. longespica - slimspike threeawn
erroneous report Aristida oligantha Michaux - oldfield three awn
Aristida purpurea Nuttall - red three awn
Aristida purpurea var. longiseta (Steud.) Vasey - Fendler threeawn
special concern Aristida purpurea var. purpurea - purple threeawn
possibly also occurring but no specimens at MIN; special concern |