University of Minnesota http://www.umn.edu/ 612-625-5000 Minnesota Biodiversity AtlasBell Museum Includes taxa from following child checklists:
Authors:
Anita Cholewa, George Weiblen, Katie Noren & Timothy Whitfeld
Less Details
Locality: Minnesota Abstract: A comprehensive, annotated list of the vascular plants known, or reported, to occur in Minnesota Family membership is according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (Bot. J. The checklist was originally developed as a document by Anita Cholewa and was subsequently
Common names as given in the USDA-NRCS Plants database (2008) are also provided, Protection status is indicated for species listed as either endangered, threatened or Click on a scientific name to view specimens and a distribution map.
Families: 159
Genera: 811
Species: 2693
Total Taxa (details): 2877
Aristida purpurea Nuttall - red three awn
Aristida purpurea var. purpurea - purple threeawn
possibly also occurring but no specimens at MIN; special concern Aristida tuberculosa Nuttall - sea beach needlegrass
Oak Savanna, A-rís-ti-da, form arista, a beard or awn; tu-ber-cu-lò-sa, bearing tubercles, from the enlarged bases of culms; threatened Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauvois ex J. Presl & C. Presl - tall oatgrass
known only from Ramsey Co. (collected 1891) Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. elatius - tall oatgrass
known only from Hennepin Co. (collected 1943) Avena fatua L. - wild oat
native to Eurasia; occasionally persisting near cultivated fields; state DOA noxious (CN) weed Avena sativa L. - cultivated oats
native to Eurasia; occasionally persisting near cultivated fields; moderately toxic to livestock Avenula hookeri (Scribner) Holub - Hooker
special concern Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort. - downy alpine oatgrass
erroneous report Beckmannia syzigachne (Steudel) Fernald - American sloughgrass
Bouteloua curtipendula (Michaux) Torrey - sideoats gramma
Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula - semiphoregrass
Bouteloua hirsuta Lagasca - hairy grama
Bouteloua hirsuta var. hirsuta - hairy grama
Brachyelytrum aristosum (Michaux) P. Beauvois - bearded shorthusk
Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreber) P. Beauvois - southern shorthusk
Bromus catharticus Vahl - rescuegrass
Bromus catharticus var. catharticus - rescuegrass
Bromus ciliatus L. - fringed brome
Bromus hordeaceus L. - soft brome
Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus - soft brome
Bromus inermis Leysser - Hungarian brome
Oak Savanna, Brò-mus, ancient Greek name; i-nér-mis, unarmed or without awns Bromus japonicus Thunberg - Japanese brome
native to Eurasia Bromus kalmii A. Gray - Kalm
Bromus latiglumis (Scribner ex Shear) A.S. Hitchcock - broad glume brome
Bromus pubescens Muhlenberg ex Willdenow - hairy brome
Bromus pumpellianus Scribner - Pumpelly's brome
Bromus pumpellianus subsp. pumpellianus - Pumpelly's brome
native to Canada and western US; difficult to distinguish from B. inermis (especially) or B. latiglumis; previous report from Minnesota based on misidentified specimen, however an unverified report from Norman Co. may be this species Bromus secalinus L. - rye brome
native to Europe; known only from historical collections (to 1899) Bromus tectorum L. - downy chess
native to Eurasia Buchloe dactyloides (Nuttall) Engelman - buffalograss
special concern Calamagrostis canadensis (Michaux) P. Beauvois - bluejoint
Calamagrostis canadensis var. canadensis - bluejoint
Calamagrostis canadensis var. macouniana (Vasey) Stebbins - Macoun's reedgrass
Calamagrostis lacustris (Kearney) Nash - northern reedgrass
special concern Calamagrostis montanensis (Scribn.) Vasey - plains reedgrass
eastern limit of distribution; special concern Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Brown - purple reedgrass
disjunct from western and northern North America; known only from Cook Co. (last collected 2005); endangered Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler - slimstem reedgrass
Calamagrostis stricta subsp. inexpansa (A. Gray) C.W. Greene - northern reedgrass
Calamovilfa longifolia (Hooker) Scribner - prairie sand reed
Calamovilfa longifolia var. longifolia - sand reedgrass
Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauvois - brookgrass
to be expected along the North Dakota border, in wet meadows and along streams Cenchrus longispinus (Hackel) Fernald - mat sandbur
state DOA noxious (CN) weed Cenchrus spinifex Cavanilles - coastal sandbur
disjunct from IL and IA Cinna arundinacea L. - short woodreed
Cinna latifolia (Treviranus ex G̦ppert) Grisebach - slender wood reed
Dactylis glomerata L. - barnyardgrass
native to Eurasia and Africa Danthonia spicata (L.) P. Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes - wild oat grass
Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauvois - common hairgrass
Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. cespitosa - tufted hairgrass
Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trinius - slender hairgrass
threatened Diarrhena obovata (Gleason) Brandenburg - American beakgrain
known only from Fillmore Co. (last collected 1999); endangered Dichanthelium aciculare (Desvaux ex Poiret) Gould & C.A. Clark - needleleaf rosette grass
Dichanthelium aciculare subsp. angustifolium (Elliott) Freckmann & Lelong - narrow leaved panicgrass
disjunct from southern and eastern US; known only from Clearwater Co. (Itasca State Park (collected 1962), probably an introduced waif Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & C.A. Clark - hairy panicgrass
Dichanthelium acuminatum subsp. acuminatum - tapered rosette grass
Dichanthelium acuminatum subsp. columbianum (Scribner) Freckmann & Lelong - tapered rosette grass
Dichanthelium acuminatum subsp. fasciculatum (Torrey) Freckmann & Lelong - western panicgrass
Dichanthelium acuminatum subsp. implicatum (Scribner) Freckmann & Lelong - western panicgrass
Dichanthelium acuminatum subsp. lindheimeri (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong - Lindheimer panicgrass
Dichanthelium boreale (Nash) Freckmann - northern panicgrass
Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhlenberg) Gould - poor panic grass
Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould - cypress panicgrass
reported for Minnesota by MN-DNR but no specimens at MIN; known from southern WI south- and eastward Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Harvill - broad leaf panicgrass
Dichanthelium leibergii (Vasey) Freckmann - Leiberg's panicgrass
Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribner) Gould - linear leaf panicgrass
Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schultes) Gould - Scribner
Dichanthelium oligosanthes subsp. oligosanthes - Heller's rosette grass
Dichanthelium oligosanthes subsp. scribnerianum (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong - Scribner's rosette grass
Dichanthelium ovale (Elliott) Gould & C.A. Clark - Columbian panicgrass
Dichanthelium ovale subsp. praecocius (Hitchcock & Chase) Freckmann & Lelong - egg-leaf rosette grass
Dichanthelium ovale subsp. pseudopubescens (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong - whitehair rosette grass
Dichanthelium ovale subsp. villosissimum (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong - whitehair rosette grass
Dichanthelium perlongum (Nash) Freckmann - long stalk panicgrass
misapplied to our flora, see D. acuminatum subsp. Implicatum Dichanthelium wilcoxianum (Vasey) Freckmann - Wilcox's panicgrass
Dichanthelium x scoparioides (Ashe) Mohlenbr. - Shasta panicgrass
(D. acuminatum x oligosanthes) reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; this hybrid not reported in FNA Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckmann - yellow panicgrass
Digitaria cognata (Schultes) Pilger - fall witchgrass
Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl. - smooth crabgrass
native to Eurasia Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scopoli - northern crabgrass
native to Eurasia Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene - saltgrass
vars. not recognized Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauvois - cockspur
Echinochloa frumentacea Link - white panic grass
native to India; reported from experimental plots in Minnesota, unknown if spreading or persisting Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fernald - wild millet
Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Wiegand - rough barnyard grass
Echinochloa muricata var. muricata - rough barnyard grass
Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller - coastal barnyard grass
Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertner - finger millet
Eleusine coracana subsp. coracana - finger millet
native to Africa; known only from Ramsey Co. (one agricultural population, collected 2003), doubtfully persisting Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertner - yardgrass
Elyhordeum macounii (Vasey) Barkworth & Dewey - Macoun's barley
(Elymus trachycaulus x Hordeum jubatum) Elyhordeum montanense (Scrib. ex Beal) Bowden - mountain barley
(Elymus virginicus x Hordeum jubatum) to be expected on disturbed sites if both parents nearby Elymus canadensis L. - Canada wildrye
Elymus canadensis var. canadensis - Canada wildrye
known only from Chippewa Co. (historical collection from 1894) Elymus curvatus Piper - awnless wildrye
Elymus diversiglumis - Minnesota wildrye
Elymus hystrix L. - eastern bottlebrush grass
Elymus interruptus Buckley - Minnesota wildrye
misapplied to our flora, see E. diversiglumis Elymus repens (L.) Gould - quackgrass
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1886, St. Louis Co. Elymus riparius Wiegand - riverbank wildrye
easily confused with E. villosus and possibly E. diversiglumis Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners - slender wildrye
Elymus trachycaulus subsp. subsecundus (Link) A. Löve & D. Löve - slender wildrye
Elymus trachycaulus subsp. trachycaulus - slender wildrye
Elymus trachycaulus unnamed polymorphic Group II - slender wheatgrasse
see FNA for discussion Elymus villosus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow - downy wildrye
Elymus virginicus L. - Virginia wildrye
Elymus virginicus var. halophilus (E.P. Bicknell) Wiegand - Virginia wildrye
presently known only from Cottonwood Co. (however, most specimens of the species not identified to variety) Elymus virginicus var. jejunus (Ramaley) Bush - Virginia wildrye
Elymus virginicus var. virginicus - Virginia wildrye
Elymus wiegandii Fernald - broad leaf wildrye
Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees - lace grass
to be expected in the southeastern corner along the lower Mississippi River (known from IA, WI), on dry sandy riverbanks Eragrostis cilianensis (Allioni) Vignolo ex Janchen - stinkgrass
native to Europe Eragrostis hypnoides (Lamarck) Britton - creeping lovegrass
Eragrostis minor Host - little lovegrass
native to Europe Eragrostis pectinacea (Michaux) Nees - tufted lovegrass
Eragrostis pectinacea var. pectinacea - Carolina lovegrass
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauvois - Indian lovegrass
Eragrostis pilosa var. perplexa (L.H. Harvey) S.D. Koch - India lovegrass
known only from Pipestone Co. (collected 1931) Eragrostis pilosa var. pilosa - India lovegrass
known only from Pipestone Co. (historical collection from 1883) Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. - tumblegrass
Eragrostis trichodes (Nuttall) Alph. Wood - beautiful lovegrass
disjunct from central Great Plains Eriochloa contracta Hitchc. - prairie cupgrass
reported for Minnesota (Mankato region) by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from MO and NE Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kumth - hairy cupgrass
native to eastern Asia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1967, Blue Earth Co. misapplied to our flora; see Schedonorus arundinaceus; previous reports of this species in Minnesota were based on a broader interpretation of the taxon; ours now to be considered the narrower F. saximontana Festuca longifolia Thuill. - long leaved fescue
misapplied to our flora, see F. trachyphylla Festuca ovina L. - sheep fescue
Festuca ovina var. ovina - sheep fescue
misapplied; see F. saximontana Festuca paradoxa Desvaux - paradox fescue
known only from Goodhue Co. (historical collection from 1886) Festuca rubra L. - red fescue
Festuca rubra subsp. commutata Gauden - red fescue
native to Europe, generally found in lawns but occasionally escaping; possibly occuring in Minnesota Festuca rubra subsp. fallax (Thuillier) Nyman - red fescue
native to Europe; possibly occuring in Minnesota Festuca rubra subsp. rubra - red fescue
native to Eurasia Festuca saximontana Rydberg - sheep fescue
Festuca saximontana var. saximontana - short leaf fescue
Festuca subverticillata (Persoon) E.B. Alexeev - nodding fescue
Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina - long leaved fescue
native to Europe Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batchelder - boreal mannagrass
Glyceria canadensis (Michaux) Trinius - rattlesnake mannagrass
Glyceria canadensis var. canadensis - rattlesnake glyceria
Glyceria grandis S. Watson - American mannagrass
Glyceria grandis var. grandis - tall mannagrass
Glyceria septentrionalis Hitchc. - floating mannagrass
Glyceria septentrionalis var. septentrionalis - floating mannagrass
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS and NatureServe but no specimens at MIN; known from adjacent La Crosse Co. WI south- and eastward FNA Glyceria striata (Lamarck) Hitchcock - waterfowl mannagrass
vars. not recognized Hesperostipa comata (Trinius & Ruprecht) Barkworth - needle and thread
Hesperostipa comata subsp. comata - needle and thread
Hesperostipa curtiseta (Hitchc.) Barkworth - shortbristle neede and thread
to be expected in the far northwest corner (known from ND, Manitoba), in prairies; easily confused with H. comata Hesperostipa spartea (Trinius) Barkworth - porcupinegrass
Hordeum jubatum L. - foxtail barley
Hordeum jubatum subsp. jubatum - foxtail barley
Hordeum pusillum Nuttall - little barley
Hordeum vulgare L. - Nepal barley
native to Europe Koeleria macrantha (Ledebour) Schultes - prairie Koeler's grass
Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv. - prairie Koeler's grass
misapplied to North American flora, see K. macrantha Leersia lenticularis Michaux - catchfly grass
threatened Leersia oryzoides (L.) Swartz - rice cutgrass
vars. not recognized Leersia virginica Willdenow - white cutgrass
Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth - Malabar sprangletop
Leptochloa fusca subsp. fascicularis (Lamarck) N. Snow - bearded sprangletop
Leptoloma cognatum (Schult.) Chase - fall witchgrass
Oak Savanna, Lep-to-lò-ma, from leptos, slender, and loma, border; cog-nà-tum, related, because once believed to be closely related to Panicum capillare Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochstetter - sand ryegrass
Leymus cinereus (Scribner & Merrill) Á. Löve - Great Basin lymegrass
reported for Minnesota by MN-DNR and USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known only from western Great Plains westward Leymus racemosus (Lamarck) Tzvelev - clustered wildrye
native to Eurasia; known only from Houston Co. (one riverbank population, collected 1980) Lolium multiflorum Lamarck - annual ryegrass
Lolium perenne L. - English ryegrass
native to Europe Lolium temulentum L. - darnel ryegrass
Lolium temulentum subsp. temulentum - darnel ryegrass
native to Mediterranean region; known only from Blue Earth Co. (historical collection from 1883) Melica nitens (Scribner) Nuttall ex Piper - tall melic
northwest limit of distribution; threatened Milium effusum L. - American milletgrass
Milium effusum var. cisatlanticum Fernald - woodland millet grass
Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maximowicz) Bentham - amur silvergrass
native to eastern Asia; potentially invasive (first recorded naturalized population collected in 1977 in LeSueur Co.) Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyen ex Trinius) Parodi - scratchgrass
Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr. ex Hook.) Rydb. - plains muhly
Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poiret) Fernald - swamp muhly grass
state DOA noxious (CN) weed Muhlenbergia glomerata (Willdenow) Trinius - clustered muhly grass
Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trinius - wirestem muhly
Muhlenbergia mexicana var. filiformis (Torrey) Scribner - Mexican muhly
Muhlenbergia mexicana var. mexicana - Mexican muhly
Muhlenbergia richardsonis (Trinius) Rydberg - seep muhly
Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmelin - dropseed muhly grass
Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. - rock muhly
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from WI, IL, IA; perhaps to be expected on limestone outcrops in the southeast corner Muhlenbergia sylvatica (Torrey) Torrey ex A. Gray - forest muhly
Muhlenbergia uniflora (Muhlenberg) Fernald - one flowered muhly
special concern Munroa squarrosa (Nuttall) Torrey - false buffalograss
erroneous report Nassella viridula (Trinius) Barkworth - feather bunchgrass
Oryzopsis asperifolia Michaux - wintergrass
Upland-Conifer Forest, Grass Family Panicum capillare L. - witchgrass
Panicum capillare subsp. capillare - witchgrass
Panicum dichotomiflorum Michaux - fall panicgrass
Panicum dichotomiflorum subsp. dichotomiflorum - fall panicgrass
state DOA noxious (CN) weed Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Scribn. - wiry panicgrass
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from adjacent states Panicum lanuginosum - hairy panicgrass
Panicum leucothrix Nash - western panicgrass
misapplied; see Dichanthelium acuminatum subsp. implicatum Panicum miliaceum L. - proso millet
Panicum miliaceum subsp. miliaceum - broomcorn millet
Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale (Kitagawa) Tzvelev - broomcorn millet
reported for Minnesota and Wisconsin by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN Panicum oligosanthes Schult. - Scribner
Panicum philadelphicum Bernhardi ex Trinius - Philadelphia panicgrass
Panicum philadelphicum subsp. gattingeri (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong - Philadelphia panicgrass
erroneous report Panicum philadelphicum subsp. philadelphicum - Philadelphia panicgrass
Panicum virgatum L. - switchgrass
vars. not recognized Pascopyrum smithii (Rydberg) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey - western wheatgrass
probably not native as known to have originated in sagebrush deserts of western North America; considered a possible hybrid of Leymus triticoides and Elymus lanceolatus fide M. Barkworth Paspalum setaceum Michaux - hairy bead grass
Paspalum setaceum var. ciliatifolium (Michx.) Vasey - thin paspalum
misapplied to our flora, see var. muhlenbergii Paspalum setaceum var. muhlenbergii (Nash) D.J. Banks - thin paspalum
Paspalum setaceum var. stramineum (Nash) D.J. Banks - thin paspalum
possibly occurring in Minnesota, known from WI Patis racemosa (Sm.) Romasch., P.M. Peterson & R. J. Soreng - black fruited ricegrass
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. - pearl millet
misapplied; see S. pumila Phalaris arundinacea L. - reed canarygrass
disagreement exists as to whether native or alien forms occur; USDA-NRCS considers this a native Phalaris canariensis L. - birdseed grass
native to southern Europe; introduced with bird seed but doubtfully persisting Phleum pratense L. - timothy
Phleum pratense subsp. pratense - timothy
native to Europe Phragmites australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel - reed grass
Phragmites australis subsp. americanus Saltonstall - American common reed
Phragmites australis subsp. australis - European common reed
native to Europe Piptatherum canadense (Poiret) Dorn - Canadian ricegrass
range extension from Manitoba and WI; threatened Piptatherum pungens (Torrey) Dorn - sharp pointed ricegrass
Piptatherum racemosum (Smith) Eaton - black fruited ricegrass
Poa alpina L. - alpine bluegrass
Poa alpina subsp. alpina - alpine bluegrass
report from Lake Co. not yet verified Poa alsodes A. Gray - wood bluegrass
Poa annua L. - speargrass
native to Eurasia Poa arida Vasey - prairie bluegrass
Poa bulbosa L. - bulbous bluegrass
Poa bulbosa subsp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcangeli - bulbous bluegrass
native to Europe Poa chaixii Villars - tall bluegrass
native to northern Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; last collected 1949) Poa compressa L. - flat stem bluegrass
native to Europe Poa glauca Vahl - woolly bluegrass
Poa glauca subsp. glauca - glaucous bluegrass
Poa interior Rydberg - inland bluegrass
Poa nemoralis L. - sylvan bluegrass
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (last collected 1945) Poa paludigena Fernald & Wiegand - marsh bluegrass
northwest limit of distribution; threatened Poa palustris L. - meadow bluegrass
Poa pratensis L. - Kentucky bluegrass
Oak Savanna, Pò-a, ancient Greek name for grass; pra-tén-sis, of the meadows Poa pratensis subsp. agassizensis (B. Boivin & D. Löve) Roy L. Taylor & MacBryde - Kentucky bluegrass
habitat: prairies; possibly native or a derivative of cultivated forms Poa pratensis subsp. angustifolia (L.) Lejeune - Kentucky bluegrass
native to western Eurasia Poa pratensis subsp. pratensis - Kentucky bluegrass
widespread; probably not native Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegand - pasture bluegrass
Poa saltuensis subsp. languida (Hitchcock) A. Haines - oldpasture bluegrass
Poa saltuensis subsp. saltuensis - oldpasture bluegrass
Poa secunda J. Presl - Sandberg bluegrass
Poa secunda subsp. juncifolia (Scribner) Soreng - curly bluegrass
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS and NatureServe but no specimens at MIN; known from ND, SD, and Canada Poa sylvestris A. Gray - forest bluegrass
Poa trivialis L. - rough bluegrass
Poa trivialis subsp. trivialis - rough stalk meadow grass
native to Europe Poa wolfii Scribner - Wolf's bluegrass
special concern Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desfontaines - annual rabbitsfoot grass
native of Europe; known only from Polk Co. (one agricultural population, collected 1993), doubtfully persisting annual Psathyrostachys juncea (Fischer) Nevski - Asian wildrye
native to Asia; known only from Goodhue Co. (one roadside population, collected 1977); reports in FNA from southwestern counties not verified Puccinellia distans (Jacquin) Parlatore - European alkaligrass
native to Eurasia Puccinellia nuttalliana (Schultes) Hitchcock - Nuttall's alkaligrass
Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nuttall) Trelease - tumblegrass
special concern Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreber) Dumortier - tall fescue
native to Eurasia Schedonorus pratensis (Hudson) P. Beauvois - meadow ryegrass
native to Europe Schizachne purpurascens (Torrey) Swallen - false melicgrass
vars. not recognized Schizachyrium scoparium (Michaux) Nash - little bluestem
The caterpillars of several skippers feed on the foliage of Little Bluestem, including Atrytonopsis hianna (Dusted Skipper), Hesperia metea (Cobweb Skipper), Hesperia ottoe (Ottoe Skipper), Hesperia sassacus (Indian Skipper), Nastra lherminier (Swarthy Skipper), and Polites origenes (Crossline Skipper) as well as many species of grasshoppers, which feed on the foliage. Other insects that feed on Little Bluestem include Diapheromera velii (Prairie Walkingstick), the leaf-mining beetle Anisostena nigrita, the thrips Illinothrips rossi, Prosapia ignipectus (Black Spittlebug), the Delphacid planthopper Delphacodes parvula, and such leafhoppers as Flexamia albida, Flexamia clayi, Flexamia delongi, Flexamia graminea, Flexamia prairiana, Athysanella incongrua, and Laevicephalus unicoloratus., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/grasses/plants/little_bluestem.htm Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium - little bluestem
Scolochloa festucacea (Willdenow) Link - sprangletop
Secale cereale L. - cultivated rye
native to Europe Setaria faberi R.A.W. Herrmamm - Chinese foxtail
native to China; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1957, Blue Earth Co. Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauvois - foxtail millet
Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubbard - pearl millet
misapplied to North American flora, see S. pumila Setaria pumila (Poiret) Roemer & Schultes - pearl millet
native to Europe Setaria pumila subsp. pallidefusca (Schumacher) B.K. Simon - cattail grass
known only from Anoka Co. (one road edge population, collected 2010) Setaria pumila subsp. pumila - yellow foxtail
Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. - bristly foxtail
native to Europe Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauvois - green foxtail
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: R. Camara Leret; reference: Veldkamp: Setaria version July 2017; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1759 Setaria viridis var. major (Gaudin) Petermann - green bristlegrass
Setaria viridis var. viridis - green bristlegrass
Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash - Indiangrass
Oak Savanna, Sor-ghàs-trum, for resemblance to Sorgum; nù-tans, nodding Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench - Sudan grass
Sorghum x almum Parodi - Columbus grass
(S. bicolor x halepense) native to Argentina; state DOA listed weed; reported for Minnesota by MN-DNR but no specimens at MIN; known from Dane Co. WI Spartina gracilis Trinius - alkali cordgrass
Spartina pectinata Link - prairie cordgrass
Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydberg) Rydberg - slender wedgescale
Sphenopholis obtusata (Michaux) Scribner - prairie wedgegrass
Sporobolus compositus (Poiret) Merrill - composite dropseed
Sporobolus compositus var. compositus - rough dropseed
Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torrey) A. Gray - sand dropseed
vars. not recognized Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray - northern dropseed
Occasionally, the foliage is eaten by grasshoppers, including Mermiria bivitatta (Two-Striped Slant-faced Grasshopper) and Syrbula admirabilis (Handsome Grasshopper). Prairie Dropseed is the obligate host of two uncommon leafhoppers: Aflexia rubranura (Red-Tailed Leafhopper) and the recently described Memnonia panzeri., source: https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/grasses/plants/pr_dropseed.htm Sporobolus neglectus Nash - annual dropseed
Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torrey ex A. Gray) Alph. Wood - poverty dropseed
Sporobolus vaginiflorus var. vaginiflorus - poverty grass
Torreyochloa pallida (Torrey) G.L. Church - pale false mannagrass
special concern Torreyochloa pallida var. fernaldii (Hitchc.) Dore - Fernald's false mannagrass
Torreyochloa pallida var. pallida - Torrey
Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. - tall redtop
Tridens flavus var. flavus - tall redtop
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from IA, WI; perhaps to be expected in the far southeastern corner Triplasis purpurea (Walter) Chapman - purple sandgrass
Triplasis purpurea var. purpurea - purple sandgrass
special concern Trisetum spicatum (L.) K. Richter - spike trisetum
special concern Triticum aestivum L. - bread wheat
native to Eurasia; occasionally persisting near cultivated fields Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydberg - eight weeks fescue
Vulpia octoflora var. glauca (Nuttall) Fernald - sixweeks fescue
Vulpia octoflora var. octoflora - sixweeks fescue
widespread in US and reported for Minnesota by Flora of the Great Plains 1986 (one specimen from Anoka Co., collected 1915, exhibits some of the characteristics of this variety) Zea mays L. - corn
occasionally found along roadsides in farming areas; not persisting Zizania aquatica L. - southern wildrice
Zizania aquatica var. aquatica - annual wildrice
reported for western counties by FNA but probably based on misidentified specimens; no specimens at MIN; DNR watch list Zizania palustris L. - northern wild rice
Zizania palustris var. interior (Fassett) Dore - northern wildrice
Zizania palustris var. palustris - northern wildrice
Podostemum ceratophyllum Michaux - hornleaf riverweed
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from ND, Ontario, MI Collomia linearis Nuttall - linear leaved collomia
Phlox divaricata L. - woodland phlox
Phlox divaricata subsp. laphamii (A.W. Wood) Wherry - blue phlox
Phlox drummondii Hooker - annual phlox
reported for Minnesota by Ownbey & Morley 1991 as a rare garden escape; doubtfully persisting annual Phlox drummondii subsp. drummondii - annual phlox
report unverified Phlox maculata L. - meadow phlox
special concern Phlox maculata subsp. maculata - wild sweetwilliam
Phlox paniculata L. - garden phlox
native to eastern US Phlox pilosa L. - downy phlox
The nectar of the flowers attracts primarily long-tongued bees, butterflies, and skippers. Other visitors include moths and bee flies. Among the bee visitors are bumblebees, Anthophorine bees, little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), cuckoo bees (Nomada spp.), and green metallic bees (Agapostemon spp.). Butterfly and skipper visitors include the American Painted Lady, Sulfur butterflies, Swallowtail butterflies, and Cloudywing skippers. The caterpillars of a moth, Schinia indiana (Prairie Phlox Flower Moth), feeds on the flowers and developing seeds of Prairie Phlox. Other moth caterpillars that feed on the flowers and developing seeds of phloxes (Phlox spp.) include Heliothis turbatus (Spotted Straw) and Heliothis phloxiphaga (Dark-spotted Straw). Other insects feeding destructively on phlox species include Lopidea davis (Phlox Plant Bug), Poecilocapsus lineatus (Four-lined Plant Bug), an aphid (Abstrusomyzus phloxae), and stem-boring larvae of a long-horned beetle (Oberea flavipes)., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/pr_phloxx.htm Phlox pilosa subsp. fulgida (Wherry) Wherry - prairie phlox
Phlox subulata L. - moss phlox
Phlox subulata var. subulata - ground pink
native to eastern US Polemonium caeruleum L. - charity
native to Europe; reported for Minnesota by Lakela 1965 but no specimens at MIN; erroneous record Polemonium occidentale Greene - western polemonium
Polemonium occidentale subsp. lacustre Wherry - western jacob's ladder
endangered Polemonium occidentale subsp. occidentale - western polemonium
Polemonium reptans L. - spreading jacob
Polemonium reptans var. reptans - Greek valerian
Polygala cruciata L. - drumheads
endangered Polygala polygama Walter - bitter milkwort
Polygala sanguinea L. - blood milkwort
Polygala senega L. - Seneca milkwort
Polygaloides paucifolia (Willd.) J.R. Abbott - gaywings
gaywings Bistorta vivipara (L.) Delarbre - serpent grass
reproduces mostly asexually; threatened Eriogonum annuum Nuttall - annual eriogonum
native to western Great Plains; known only from Sherburne Co. (Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge, last collected 2002), apparently introduced with roadside plantings; vars. not recognized Fagopyrum esculentum Moench - buckwheat
native to China Fallopia cilinodis (Michaux) Holub - fringed false buckwheat
Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve - false wild buckwheat
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1879, Cook Co. Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub - climbing false buckwheat
native to Eurasia; to be expected on disturbed sites along forest edges (known from IA, WI and MI); easily and often confused with F. scandens Fallopia japonica (Houttuyn) Ronse Decraene - Japanese knotweed
Fallopia japonica var. japonica - Mexican bamboo
native to southeast Asia Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Ronse Decr. - giant knotweed
erroneous report Fallopia scandens (L.) Holub - climbing knotweed
Fallopia x bohemica (Chrtek & Chrtkov - hybrid Japanese knotweed
(F. japonica x sachalinensis) native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; collected 2000); easily confused with Fallopia sachalinensis and only recently was the hybrid distinguished from the parents Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre - water knotweed
vars. Not formally recognized in FNA but acknowledged as being somewhat distinctive Persicaria arifolia (L.) K. Haraldson - halberdleaf tearthumb
Persicaria bungeana (Turczaninow) Nakai - hybrid knotweed
native to Eurasia Persicaria careyi (Olney) Greene - Carey's smartweed
western limit of distribution; known only from Carlton Co. (one roadside population, collected 1940); special concern Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach - common smartweed
native to Europe; oily glands can cause skin irritation; sometimes confused with P. punctata Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michaux) Small - mild water pepper
highly variable in appearance; rare historic record Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) A. Gray - nodding smartweed
Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) Kitagawa - bristly lady
Persicaria maculosa A. Gray - spotted ladysthumb
native to Eurasia, Africa and Oceania; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1877, Hennepin Co.; may cause skin irritation Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz - pygmy smartweed
Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach - prince
native to India Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) M. G - pinkweed
state DOA noxious (CN) weed; highly variable in appearance; may cause skin irritation Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small - water knotweed
vars. not recognized Persicaria sagittata (L.) H. Gross - arrowleaf tearthumb
highly variable in appearance Persicaria virginiana (L.) Gaertner - Virginia knotweed
Polygonella articulata (L.) Meisner - coast jointweed
Polygonum achoreum S.F. Blake - blue knotweed
Polygonum arifolium L. - halberdleaf tearthumb
Polygonum aviculare L. - yard knotweed
Polygonum aviculare subsp. aviculare - prostrate knotweed
native to Eurasia Polygonum aviculare subsp. buxiforme (Small) Costea & Tardif - box knotweed
Polygonum aviculare subsp. depressum (Meisner) Arcangeli - prostrate knotweed
native to Europe Polygonum aviculare subsp. neglectum (Besser) Arcangeli - narrowleaf knotweed
native to Europe Polygonum aviculare subsp. rurivagum (Jord. ex Boreau) Berher - prostrate knotweed
native to Europe; possibly occurring in Minnesota, known from IA, SD, and Manitoba, in disturbed places Polygonum cespitosum Blume - bristly lady
misapplied; see Persicaria longiseta Polygonum douglasii Greene - Douglas' knotweed
Polygonum erectum L. - erect knotweed
Polygonum lapathifolium L. - nodding smartweed
Polygonum pensylvanicum L. - pinkweed
Polygonum persicaria L. - spotted ladysthumb
Polygonum punctatum Elliott - water knotweed
Polygonum ramosissimum Michaux - yellow flower knotweed
Polygonum ramosissimum subsp. prolificum (Small) Costea & Tardif - bushy knotweed
known only from Lac Qui Parle Co. (collected 1988) Polygonum ramosissimum subsp. ramosissimum - bushy knotweed
Polygonum tenue Michaux - slender knotweed
Rheum rhabarbarum L. - garden rhubard
native to Siberia; leaf blades toxic to humans and animals Rumex acetosa L. - green sorrel
native to Eurasia and northwest Africa; occasionally misidentified as R. acetosella Rumex acetosella L. - red sorrel
native to Eurasia; polyploidy complex highly variable in appearance Rumex alpinus L. - Munk's rhubarb
native to Eurasia; known only from Cook Co. (collected 1977); only known specimen at UWSP Rumex altissimus Alph. Wood - tall water dock
Rumex britannica L. - British dock
Rumex crispus L. - yellow dock
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1877, Hennepin Co. Rumex fueginus Philippi - golden dock
frequently misidentified as R. maritimus, which is native to Eurasia and known from Alaska and Yukon and rarely appearing elsewhere Rumex longifolius de Candolle - domestic dock
native to Eurasia misapplied to our flora, see R. triangulivalvis; misapplied name Rumex obtusifolius L. - blunt leaf dock
native to Eurasia; vars. not recognized Rumex occidentalis S. Watson - western dock
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from Canada, ND, SD, IA; weedy in wet meadows, bogs, on riverbanks, etc.; frequently misidentified as R. longifolius Rumex patientia L. - patience dock
native to Eursia Rumex pseudonatronatus (Borb - Finnish dock
native to Eurasia; frequently misidentified as R. longifolius and sometimes R. crispus misapplied to our flora, see R. triangulivalvis; misapplied name Rumex sanguineus L. - redvein dock
native to Africa and Eurasia; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN Rumex stenophyllus Ledebour - narrowleaf dock
native to Eurasia Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerhuth - garden sorrel
Rumex triangulivalvis (Danser) Rechinger f. - triangle valve dock
Rumex venosus Pursh - veiny dock
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN, known from Manitoba, ND, SD, IA and WI; weedy on sandy soils Rumex verticillatus L. - whorled water dock
(R. crispus x obtusifolius) common sterile hybrid to be expected on disturbed sites if parents nearby Polypodium virginianum L. - common polypody
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms - common water hyacinth
native to tropical Americas; reported from Winona Co. but no specimens at MIN; unlikely to be persisting Heteranthera dubia (Jacquin) MacMillan - water stargrass
Heteranthera limosa (Swartz) Willdenow - blue mudplantain
northeast limit of distribution; threatened Pontederia cordata L. - pickerelweed
Claytonia caroliniana Michaux - Carolina springbeauty
Claytonia virginica L. - miskodeed (Dakota and others)
disjunct from Rocky Mountains; known only from Winona Co. (last collected 1985); endangered Phemeranthus parviflorus (Nuttall) Kiger - small flowered fameflower
Phemeranthus rugospermus (Holzinger) Kiger - sand fameflower
northern limit of distribution; threatened Portulaca grandiflora Hooker - moss rose
native to South America; reported for Minnesota by FNA as escaping and naturalizing near gardens but no specimens at MIN Portulaca oleracea L. - common purslane
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG & Indonesia; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: R. Camara Leret; reference: FM7; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753 Potamogeton alpinus Balbis - northern pondweed
vars. not recognized Potamogeton amplifolius Tuckerman - water cabbage
Potamogeton bicupulatus Fernald - snailseed pondweed
disjunct from eastern US; endangered Potamogeton confervoides Reichenbach - Tuckerman's pondweed
westernmost limit of distribution, known only from St. Louis Co. (one population, collected 2008); DNR watch list;endangered Potamogeton crispus L. - curly pondweed
native to Eurasia; on MN-DNR Prohibited Invasive Species list; first collected 1929, Hennepin Co. Potamogeton diversifolius Rafinesque - diverse leaved pondweed
endangered Potamogeton epihydrus Rafinesque - ribbonleaf pondweed
Potamogeton foliosus Rafinesque - leafy pondweed
Potamogeton foliosus subsp. foliosus - leafy pondweed
Potamogeton friesii Ruprecht - flat stalk pondweed
Potamogeton gramineus L. - grass leaved pondweed
Potamogeton illinoensis Morong - Illinois pondweed
invalid name Potamogeton natans L. - floating pondweed
Potamogeton nodosus Poiret - American pondweed
Potamogeton oakesianus J.W. Robbins - Oakes' pondweed
endangered Potamogeton obtusifolius Mertens & W.D.J. Koch - bluntleaf pondweed
Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen - whitestem pondweed
Potamogeton pulcher Tuckerman - spotted pondweed
disjunct from eastern US; known only from Clearwater (collected 2007) and Cass (collected 2008) counties; endangered Potamogeton pusillus L. - very small pondweed
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: R. Camara Leret; reference: FM16; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753 Potamogeton pusillus subsp. pusillus - small pondweed
Potamogeton richardsonii (A. Bennett) Rydberg - red head pondweed
Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes - fern pondweed
Potamogeton spirillus Tuckerman - coiled pondweed
Potamogeton strictifolius A. Bennett - straight leaf pondweed
Potamogeton vaseyi J.W. Robbins - Vasey's pondweed
Potamogeton x haynesii Hellquist & G.E. Crow - Haynes' hybrid pondweed
(P. strictifolius x zosteriformis) only known specimen from Minnesota deposited at GH; DNR watch list Potamogeton x spathuliformis (J.W. Robbins) Morong - spoon pondweed
(P. gramineus x illinoensis) known only from St. Louis Co. (collected 1940) Potamogeton zosteriformis Fernald - flatstem pondweed
Stuckenia filiformis (Persoon) B̦rner - filiform pondweed
Stuckenia filiformis subsp. alpina (Blytt) R.R. Haynes, Les, & M. Král - fineleaf pondweed
Stuckenia filiformis subsp. occidentalis (J.W. Robbins) R.R. Haynes, Les, & M. Král - western fineleaf pondweed
Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner - fennel leaf pondweed
Stuckenia vaginata (Turczaninow) Holub - big sheath pondweed
last collected 1956; endangered Zannichellia palustris L. - horned pondweed
Androsace occidentalis Pursh - western androsace
Androsace septentrionalis L. - northern androsace
special concern Dodecatheon amethystinum (Fassett0 Fassett - dark throated shooting star
Dodecatheon meadia L. - prairie shooting star
endangered endangered Dodecatheon radicatum Greene - dark throated shooting star
misapplied; see D. amethystinum Primula fassettii Mast & Reveal - dark throated shooting star
known only from the southeastern corner of the state; DNR watch list Primula meadia (L.) Mast & Reveal - prairie shooting star
known only from Mower Co. (last collected 2008); endangered Primula mistassinica Michaux - bird
vars. not recognized Adiantum pedatum L. - northern maidenhair
Cheilanthes feei T. Moore - slender lip fern
Cheilanthes lanosa (Michaux) D.C. Eaton - hairy lip fern
erroneous report Cryptogramma stelleri (S.G. Gmelin) Prantl - slender cliffbrake
Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link - purple cliffbrake
special concern Pellaea glabella Mettenius ex Kuhn - smooth cliffbrake
Pellaea glabella subsp. glabella - smooth cliffbrake
Aconitum napellus L. - monkshood
native to Europe; known only from Cook Co. (one roadside population, collected 1975) Actaea pachypoda Elliott - white baneberry
plants poisonous Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willdenow - red baneberry
Upland-Conifer Forest, Maple Family Anemone acutiloba (de Candolle) G. Lawson - liverwort
Anemone americana (de Candolle) H. Hara - liverwort
Anemone canadensis L. - round leaf tumbleweed
Anemone caroliniana Walter - thimbleweed
Anemone cylindrica A. Gray - long headed thimbleweed
Anemone halleri Allioni - glacial anemone
native to Europe; known only from Freeborn Co. (collected 1995), introduced with prairie planting Anemone multifida Poiret - Pacific anemone
Anemone multifida var. multifida - red windflower
known only from Mahnomen Co. (one roadside population, collected 1941); rare historic record Anemone patens L. - cutleaf anemone
Anemone patens var. multifida Pritzel - prairie smoke
plants poisonous Anemone quinquefolia L. - two-leaf anemone
Anemone quinquefolia var. quinquefolia - nightcaps
Anemone virginiana L. - tall thimbleweed
Anemone virginiana var. alba (Oakes) A.W. Wood - tall thimbleweed
Anemone virginiana var. cylindroidea B. Boivin - tall thimbleweed
reported for northern Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from Saskatchewan and Manitoba Anemone virginiana var. virginiana - tall thimbleweed
Aquilegia brevistyla Hooker - smallflower columbine
erroneous report Aquilegia canadensis L. - red columbine
Aquilegia vulgaris L. - European columbine
native to Europe; reported as a garden escape for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN Caltha natans Pallas - floating marsh marigold
southern limit of distribution; known only from St. Louis Co.; endangered Caltha palustris L. - cow slip
Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Roth - bur buttercup
invalid name; see Ranunculus testiculatus Clematis occidentalis (Hornem.) DC. - western blue virginsbower
Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis - purple clematis
Clematis recta L. - ground virginsbower
Clematis terniflora de Candolle - autumn clematis
native to eastern Asia; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one population, collected 1995) Clematis virginiana L. - virgin
may cause severe skin irritation Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur - larkspur
native to Europe and Africa; known only from Polk Co. (historical collection from 1882), probably escaped from cultivation Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisbury - threeleaf goldthread
Delphinium carolinianum Walter - Carolina larkspur
Delphinium carolinianum subsp. virescens (Nuttall) R.E. Brooks - plains larkspur
plants toxic Delphinium tricorne Michx. - dwarf larkspur
erroneous report Enemion biternatum Rafinesque - eastern false rue anemone
Hydrastis canadensis L. - goldenseal
northwest limit of distribution; endangered Myosurus minimus L. - tiny mousetail
Nigella damascena L. - love in a mist
native to Eurasia; known only from Otter Tail Co. (one weedy population, collected 1975), doubtfully persisting Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. - cutleaf anemone
Pollinated by early spring insects., source: https://www.morningskygreenery.com/product/anemone-patens-pulsatilla-patens/ Ranunculus abortivus L. - kidney leaf buttercup
toxic to livestock Ranunculus acris L. - showy buttercup
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1878, St. Louis Co.; can cause severe skin irritation, toxic to livestock Ranunculus ambigens S. Wats. - waterplantain spearwort
erroneous report Ranunculus aquatilis L. - white water crowfoot
Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus Withering - limp white water buttercup
Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh - seaside crowfoot
plant highly toxic Ranunculus fascicularis Muhlenberg ex J.M. Bigelow - swamp buttercup
Ranunculus flabellaris Rafinesque - yellow water buttercup
Ranunculus flammula L. - creeping buttercup
Ranunculus flammula var. flammula - greater creeping spearwort
erroneous report Ranunculus flammula var. ovalis (J.M. Bigelow) L.D. Benson - greater creeping spearwort
Ranunculus flammula var. reptans (L.) E. Meyer - greater creeping spearwort
Ranunculus gmelinii de Candolle - small yellow water crowfoot
vars. not recognized Ranunculus hispidus Michx. - hispid buttercup
Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum (Greene) T. Duncan - bristly buttercup
Ranunculus hispidus var. nitidus (Chapman) T. Duncan - bristly buttercup
Ranunculus lapponicus L. - Lapland buttercup
special concern Ranunculus macounii Britton - Macoun's buttercup
Ranunculus pedatifidus Sm. - surefoot buttercup
erroneous report Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. f. - bristly buttercup
Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. - blisterwort
Ranunculus recurvatus var. recurvatus - hooked crowfoot
Ranunculus repens L. - creeping buttercup
native to Eurasia Ranunculus rhomboideus Goldie - early buttercup
Ranunculus sceleratus L. - cursed crowfoot
Ranunculus sceleratus var. multifidus Nuttall - cursed buttercup
Ranunculus sceleratus var. sceleratus - cursed buttercup
Ranunculus testiculatus Crantz - bur buttercup
native to Eurasia; known only from Rock Co. (collected 1981), doubtfully persisting misapplied to our flora, see T. venulosum; misapplied name Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Avé-Lall. - tall meadow rue
Thalictrum dioicum L. - early meadow-rue
Thalictrum revolutum de Candolle - purple meadow rue
although FNA indicates this as widespread in northeastern Minnesota, it is known only from two populations in Lake (collected 1914) and St. Louis (collected 2008) counties; DNR watch list Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) A.J. Eames & B. Boivin - rue anemone
roots possibly toxic Thalictrum venulosum Trelease - veiny meadow-rue
Reseda lutea L. - yellow mignonette
native to Mediterranea; invasive and possibly to be expected on disturbed sites; known from Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, IA, KS, NE, WI Ceanothus americanus L. - New Jersey tea
Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. - narrow leaved New Jersey tea
Ceanothus masonii McMinn - Mason's ceanothus
erroneous report Frangula alnus Mill. - alder buckthorn
Rhamnus alnifolia L'Hér. - dwarf alder
Rhamnus cathartica L. - European buckthorn
native to Eurasia; state DOA restricted noxious weed, first collected 1937, Hennepin Co. Rhamnus davurica Pall. - Dahurian buckthorn
Rhamnus frangula L. - alder buckthorn
native to Europe; state DOA restricted noxious weed, first collected 1938, Ramsey Co. Agrimonia eupatoria L. - churchsteeples
native of Eurasia; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; erroneous record Agrimonia gryposepala Wallroth - common hairy agrimony
Agrimonia pubescens Wallroth - soft groovebur
Agrimonia rostellata Wallr. - beaked agrimony
erroneous report Agrimonia striata Michaux - woodland groovebur
Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem. - western juneberry
Amelanchier alnifolia var. alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem. - Saskatoon serviceberry
Amelanchier arborea (Michaux f.) Fernald - downy serviceberry
Amelanchier arborea x canadensis - serviceberry
Amelanchier bartramiana (Tausch) M. Roemer - mountain serviceberry
Amelanchier bartramiana x laevis - serviceberry
Amelanchier humilis Wiegand - low serviceberry
Amelanchier interior E.L. Nielsen - inland juneberry
Amelanchier intermedia Spach - serviceberry
Amelanchier laevis Wiegand - smooth juneberry
Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. - Huron juneberry
Amelanchier spicata (Lamarck) K. Koch - spicate serviceberry
Amelanchier x neglecta Eggleston ex G.N. Jones - serviceberry
(A. bartramiana x laevis); invalid name Aronia melanocarpa (Michaux) Elliott - black chokeberry
The nectar and pollen of the flowers undoubtedly attract bees and other insects. Among the bees, Osmia spp. (mason Bees) and Andrena spp. (Andrenid Bees) are common visitors of spring-blooming shrubs in the Rose family. The caterpillars of the butterfly Satyrium titus (Coral Hairstreak), the moth Catocala praeclara (Praeclara Underwing), and the moth Lomographa semiclarata (Bluish Spring Moth) feed on the foliage of Photinia spp. (Chokeberries)., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/bl_chokeberry.htm Chamaerhodos erecta (L.) Bunge - Nuttall's little rose
Chamaerhodos erecta subsp. nuttallii (Pickering ex Rydb.) Hultén - Nuttall's little rose
Comarum palustre L. - purple marshlocks
Cotoneaster lucidus Schlechtendal - shiny cotoneaster
Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrhart) Medikus - late hawthorn
all sources - recognized taxon for Minnesota; special concern Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe - red haw
Crataegus chrysocarpa var. blanchardii (Sarg.) J.B. Phipps - fireberry hawthorn
Crataegus chrysocarpa var. chrysocarpa - fireberry hawthorn
All sources - recognized taxon for Minnesota Crataegus chrysocarpa var. faxonii (Sargent) Eggleston - fireberry hawthorn
Crataegus chrysocarpa var. praecox (Sarg.) J.B. Phipps - fireberry hawthorn
Crataegus chrysocarpa var. vigintistamina J.B. Phipps - fireberry hawthorn
Crataegus coccinea L. - scarlet hawthorn
Crataegus coccinea var. pringlei - red haw
Crataegus crus-galli L. - cockspur hawthorn
USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – not included; erroneous record Crataegus douglasii Lindley - Douglas
disjunct from western North America; All sources – recognized taxon for Minnesota; special concern Crataegus flabellata (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch - fanleaf hawthorn
USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon but not reported for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – not included; erroneous record Crataegus fluviatilis Sargent - bigfruit hawthorn
Crataegus holmesiana Ashe - Holme's hawthorn
USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – not included Crataegus irrasa Sarg. - Blanchard's hawthorn
USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota – erroneously (based on misidentified specimens); NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – not included Crataegus laurentiana Sarg. - Laurentian hawthorn
Crataegus macracantha Loddiges - large thorn hawthorn
USDA-NRCS 2009 – synonym for C. succulenta; NatureServe 2009 – not included; ITIS 2009 – synonym for C. succulenta; Smith 2008 – recognized taxon for Minnesota Crataegus macrosperma Ashe - eastern hawthorn
All sources - recognized taxon for Minnesota Crataegus mollis (Torr. & A. Gray) Scheele - downy hawthorn
Crataegus mollis var. mollis - downy hawthorn
All sources - recognized taxon for Minnesota Crataegus monogyna Jacquin - oneseed hawthorn
Crataegus monogyna var. monogyna - oneseed hawthorn
Crataegus punctata Jacquin - white haw
All sources - recognized taxon for Minnesota Crataegus scabrida Sargent - rough leaved hawthorn
known only from Houston Co. (Spring Grove area, historical collections from 1902); USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; rare historic record |