Main Menu

Minnesota Biodiversity Atlas

Bell Museum

Includes taxa from following child checklists:
Authors: Anita Cholewa, George Weiblen, Katie Noren & Timothy Whitfeld
Less Details
Locality: Minnesota
Abstract:

A comprehensive, annotated list of the vascular plants known, or reported, to occur in Minnesota
as native, naturalized, or adventive species.

Family membership is according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (Bot. J.
Linnean Soc. 141: 399-436, 2003) and species names are based on published volumes of the
Flora of North America (FNA), recent journals for changes after FNA publication (if accepted by major
taxonomic indices), and Gleason and Cronquist 1991 for others. Although not all taxonomists
may agree with FNA, a wide array of experts from many areas have been consulted and this
consequently represents the most up-to-date understanding of our flora.

The checklist was originally developed as a document by Anita Cholewa and was subsequently
translated into a relational database format by George Weiblen and Katie Noren.
Timothy Whitfeld continues to improve the checklist as new volumes of FNA are published.

Common names as given in the USDA-NRCS Plants database (2008) are also provided,
followed by other common names widely used, or by Native American names.

Protection status is indicated for species listed as either endangered, threatened or
of special concern by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

Click on a scientific name to view specimens and a distribution map.


Options
Search:
Common Names
Synonyms
Filter:
Display Synonyms
Common Names
Display as Images
Notes & Vouchers
Taxon Authors
Show Taxa Alphabetically
Families: 159
Genera: 811
Species: 2693
Total Taxa (details): 2877

Page 5 of 6: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6

possibly also occurring but no specimens at MIN; special concern
Aristida tuberculosa Nuttall - sea beach needlegrass
Oak Savanna, A-rís-ti-da, form arista, a beard or awn; tu-ber-cu-lò-sa, bearing tubercles, from the enlarged bases of culms; threatened
known only from Ramsey Co. (collected 1891)
known only from Hennepin Co. (collected 1943)
Avena fatua L. - wild oat
native to Eurasia; occasionally persisting near cultivated fields; state DOA noxious (CN) weed
Avena sativa L. - cultivated oats
native to Eurasia; occasionally persisting near cultivated fields; moderately toxic to livestock
special concern
Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort. - downy alpine oatgrass
erroneous report
Bromus ciliatus L. - fringed brome
Bromus inermis Leysser - Hungarian brome
Oak Savanna, Brò-mus, ancient Greek name; i-nér-mis, unarmed or without awns
Bromus japonicus Thunberg - Japanese brome
native to Eurasia
Bromus pumpellianus Scribner - Pumpelly's brome
native to Canada and western US; difficult to distinguish from B. inermis (especially) or B. latiglumis; previous report from Minnesota based on misidentified specimen, however an unverified report from Norman Co. may be this species
native to Europe; known only from historical collections (to 1899)
Bromus tectorum L. - downy chess
native to Eurasia
special concern
special concern
eastern limit of distribution; special concern
disjunct from western and northern North America; known only from Cook Co. (last collected 2005); endangered
to be expected along the North Dakota border, in wet meadows and along streams
state DOA noxious (CN) weed
disjunct from IL and IA
Cinna arundinacea L. - short woodreed
Dactylis glomerata L. - barnyardgrass
native to Eurasia and Africa
threatened
known only from Fillmore Co. (last collected 1999); endangered
disjunct from southern and eastern US; known only from Clearwater Co. (Itasca State Park (collected 1962), probably an introduced waif
reported for Minnesota by MN-DNR but no specimens at MIN; known from southern WI south- and eastward
misapplied to our flora, see D. acuminatum subsp. Implicatum
(D. acuminatum x oligosanthes) reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; this hybrid not reported in FNA
native to Eurasia
native to Eurasia
vars. not recognized
Echinochloa frumentacea Link - white panic grass
native to India; reported from experimental plots in Minnesota, unknown if spreading or persisting
Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller - coastal barnyard grass
native to Africa; known only from Ramsey Co. (one agricultural population, collected 2003), doubtfully persisting
(Elymus trachycaulus x Hordeum jubatum)
(Elymus virginicus x Hordeum jubatum) to be expected on disturbed sites if both parents nearby
Elymus canadensis L. - Canada wildrye
known only from Chippewa Co. (historical collection from 1894)
Elymus curvatus Piper - awnless wildrye
Elymus diversiglumis - Minnesota wildrye
Elymus hystrix L. - eastern bottlebrush grass
Elymus interruptus Buckley - Minnesota wildrye
misapplied to our flora, see E. diversiglumis
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1886, St. Louis Co.
Elymus riparius Wiegand - riverbank wildrye
easily confused with E. villosus and possibly E. diversiglumis
see FNA for discussion
Elymus virginicus L. - Virginia wildrye
presently known only from Cottonwood Co. (however, most specimens of the species not identified to variety)
Elymus wiegandii Fernald - broad leaf wildrye
to be expected in the southeastern corner along the lower Mississippi River (known from IA, WI), on dry sandy riverbanks
Eragrostis minor Host - little lovegrass
native to Europe
known only from Pipestone Co. (collected 1931)
known only from Pipestone Co. (historical collection from 1883)
disjunct from central Great Plains
Eriochloa contracta Hitchc. - prairie cupgrass
reported for Minnesota (Mankato region) by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from MO and NE
native to eastern Asia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1967, Blue Earth Co.
misapplied to our flora; see Schedonorus arundinaceus; previous reports of this species in Minnesota were based on a broader interpretation of the taxon; ours now to be considered the narrower F. saximontana
Festuca longifolia Thuill. - long leaved fescue
misapplied to our flora, see F. trachyphylla
Festuca ovina L. - sheep fescue
misapplied; see F. saximontana
Festuca paradoxa Desvaux - paradox fescue
known only from Goodhue Co. (historical collection from 1886)
Festuca rubra L. - red fescue
native to Europe, generally found in lawns but occasionally escaping; possibly occuring in Minnesota
native to Europe; possibly occuring in Minnesota
native to Eurasia
native to Europe
Glyceria canadensis (Michaux) Trinius - rattlesnake mannagrass
Glyceria grandis S. Watson - American mannagrass
Glyceria septentrionalis Hitchc. - floating mannagrass
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS and NatureServe but no specimens at MIN; known from adjacent La Crosse Co. WI south- and eastward FNA
vars. not recognized
Hesperostipa curtiseta (Hitchc.) Barkworth - shortbristle neede and thread
to be expected in the far northwest corner (known from ND, Manitoba), in prairies; easily confused with H. comata
Hordeum jubatum L. - foxtail barley
Hordeum pusillum Nuttall - little barley
Hordeum vulgare L. - Nepal barley
native to Europe
Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv. - prairie Koeler's grass
misapplied to North American flora, see K. macrantha
threatened
vars. not recognized
Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth - Malabar sprangletop
Oak Savanna, Lep-to-lò-ma, from leptos, slender, and loma, border; cog-nà-tum, related, because once believed to be closely related to Panicum capillare
reported for Minnesota by MN-DNR and USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known only from western Great Plains westward
native to Eurasia; known only from Houston Co. (one riverbank population, collected 1980)
Lolium multiflorum Lamarck - annual ryegrass
Lolium perenne L. - English ryegrass
native to Europe
Lolium temulentum L. - darnel ryegrass
native to Mediterranean region; known only from Blue Earth Co. (historical collection from 1883)
northwest limit of distribution; threatened
Milium effusum L. - American milletgrass
native to eastern Asia; potentially invasive (first recorded naturalized population collected in 1977 in LeSueur Co.)
state DOA noxious (CN) weed
Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmelin - dropseed muhly grass
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from WI, IL, IA; perhaps to be expected on limestone outcrops in the southeast corner
special concern
erroneous report
Upland-Conifer Forest, Grass Family
state DOA noxious (CN) weed
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from adjacent states
Panicum lanuginosum - hairy panicgrass
Panicum leucothrix Nash - western panicgrass
misapplied; see Dichanthelium acuminatum subsp. implicatum
Panicum miliaceum L. - proso millet
reported for Minnesota and Wisconsin by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN
Panicum virgatum L. - switchgrass
vars. not recognized
probably not native as known to have originated in sagebrush deserts of western North America; considered a possible hybrid of Leymus triticoides and Elymus lanceolatus fide M. Barkworth
Paspalum setaceum Michaux - hairy bead grass
misapplied to our flora, see var. muhlenbergii
possibly occurring in Minnesota, known from WI
misapplied; see S. pumila
Phalaris arundinacea L. - reed canarygrass
disagreement exists as to whether native or alien forms occur; USDA-NRCS considers this a native
Phalaris canariensis L. - birdseed grass
native to southern Europe; introduced with bird seed but doubtfully persisting
native to Europe
native to Europe
range extension from Manitoba and WI; threatened
Piptatherum pungens (Torrey) Dorn - sharp pointed ricegrass
Piptatherum racemosum (Smith) Eaton - black fruited ricegrass
Poa alpina L. - alpine bluegrass
Poa alpina subsp. alpina - alpine bluegrass
report from Lake Co. not yet verified
Poa alsodes A. Gray - wood bluegrass
Poa annua L. - speargrass
native to Eurasia
Poa arida Vasey - prairie bluegrass
Poa bulbosa L. - bulbous bluegrass
native to Europe
Poa chaixii Villars - tall bluegrass
native to northern Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; last collected 1949)
Poa compressa L. - flat stem bluegrass
native to Europe
Poa glauca Vahl - woolly bluegrass
Poa glauca subsp. glauca - glaucous bluegrass
Poa interior Rydberg - inland bluegrass
Poa nemoralis L. - sylvan bluegrass
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (last collected 1945)
northwest limit of distribution; threatened
Poa palustris L. - meadow bluegrass
Poa pratensis L. - Kentucky bluegrass
Oak Savanna, Pò-a, ancient Greek name for grass; pra-tén-sis, of the meadows
habitat: prairies; possibly native or a derivative of cultivated forms
native to western Eurasia
widespread; probably not native
Poa saltuensis subsp. saltuensis - oldpasture bluegrass
Poa secunda J. Presl - Sandberg bluegrass
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS and NatureServe but no specimens at MIN; known from ND, SD, and Canada
Poa sylvestris A. Gray - forest bluegrass
Poa trivialis L. - rough bluegrass
Poa trivialis subsp. trivialis - rough stalk meadow grass
native to Europe
Poa wolfii Scribner - Wolf's bluegrass
special concern
native of Europe; known only from Polk Co. (one agricultural population, collected 1993), doubtfully persisting annual
native to Asia; known only from Goodhue Co. (one roadside population, collected 1977); reports in FNA from southwestern counties not verified
native to Eurasia
special concern
native to Eurasia
native to Europe
vars. not recognized
The caterpillars of several skippers feed on the foliage of Little Bluestem, including Atrytonopsis hianna (Dusted Skipper), Hesperia metea (Cobweb Skipper), Hesperia ottoe (Ottoe Skipper), Hesperia sassacus (Indian Skipper), Nastra lherminier (Swarthy Skipper), and Polites origenes (Crossline Skipper) as well as many species of grasshoppers, which feed on the foliage. Other insects that feed on Little Bluestem include Diapheromera velii (Prairie Walkingstick), the leaf-mining beetle Anisostena nigrita, the thrips Illinothrips rossi, Prosapia ignipectus (Black Spittlebug), the Delphacid planthopper Delphacodes parvula, and such leafhoppers as Flexamia albida, Flexamia clayi, Flexamia delongi, Flexamia graminea, Flexamia prairiana, Athysanella incongrua, and Laevicephalus unicoloratus., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/grasses/plants/little_bluestem.htm
Secale cereale L. - cultivated rye
native to Europe
native to China; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1957, Blue Earth Co.
misapplied to North American flora, see S. pumila
native to Europe
known only from Anoka Co. (one road edge population, collected 2010)
native to Europe
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: R. Camara Leret; reference: Veldkamp: Setaria version July 2017; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1759
Setaria viridis var. viridis - green bristlegrass
Oak Savanna, Sor-ghàs-trum, for resemblance to Sorgum; nù-tans, nodding
Sorghum x almum Parodi - Columbus grass
(S. bicolor x halepense) native to Argentina; state DOA listed weed; reported for Minnesota by MN-DNR but no specimens at MIN; known from Dane Co. WI
Spartina gracilis Trinius - alkali cordgrass
Spartina pectinata Link - prairie cordgrass
vars. not recognized
Occasionally, the foliage is eaten by grasshoppers, including Mermiria bivitatta (Two-Striped Slant-faced Grasshopper) and Syrbula admirabilis (Handsome Grasshopper). Prairie Dropseed is the obligate host of two uncommon leafhoppers: Aflexia rubranura (Red-Tailed Leafhopper) and the recently described Memnonia panzeri., source: https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/grasses/plants/pr_dropseed.htm
Sporobolus neglectus Nash - annual dropseed
special concern
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from IA, WI; perhaps to be expected in the far southeastern corner
special concern
special concern
Triticum aestivum L. - bread wheat
native to Eurasia; occasionally persisting near cultivated fields
widespread in US and reported for Minnesota by Flora of the Great Plains 1986 (one specimen from Anoka Co., collected 1915, exhibits some of the characteristics of this variety)
occasionally found along roadsides in farming areas; not persisting
Zizania aquatica L. - southern wildrice
reported for western counties by FNA but probably based on misidentified specimens; no specimens at MIN; DNR watch list
Zizania palustris L. - northern wild rice
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from ND, Ontario, MI
Collomia linearis Nuttall - linear leaved collomia
Phlox divaricata L. - woodland phlox
reported for Minnesota by Ownbey & Morley 1991 as a rare garden escape; doubtfully persisting annual
report unverified
Phlox maculata L. - meadow phlox
special concern
Phlox paniculata L. - garden phlox
native to eastern US
Phlox pilosa L. - downy phlox
The nectar of the flowers attracts primarily long-tongued bees, butterflies, and skippers. Other visitors include moths and bee flies. Among the bee visitors are bumblebees, Anthophorine bees, little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), cuckoo bees (Nomada spp.), and green metallic bees (Agapostemon spp.). Butterfly and skipper visitors include the American Painted Lady, Sulfur butterflies, Swallowtail butterflies, and Cloudywing skippers. The caterpillars of a moth, Schinia indiana (Prairie Phlox Flower Moth), feeds on the flowers and developing seeds of Prairie Phlox. Other moth caterpillars that feed on the flowers and developing seeds of phloxes (Phlox spp.) include Heliothis turbatus (Spotted Straw) and Heliothis phloxiphaga (Dark-spotted Straw). Other insects feeding destructively on phlox species include Lopidea davis (Phlox Plant Bug), Poecilocapsus lineatus (Four-lined Plant Bug), an aphid (Abstrusomyzus phloxae), and stem-boring larvae of a long-horned beetle (Oberea flavipes)., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/pr_phloxx.htm
Phlox subulata L. - moss phlox
native to eastern US
native to Europe; reported for Minnesota by Lakela 1965 but no specimens at MIN; erroneous record
Polemonium occidentale Greene - western polemonium
endangered
Polemonium reptans L. - spreading jacob
endangered
Polygala polygama Walter - bitter milkwort
Polygala sanguinea L. - blood milkwort
Polygala senega L. - Seneca milkwort
reproduces mostly asexually; threatened
Eriogonum annuum Nuttall - annual eriogonum
native to western Great Plains; known only from Sherburne Co. (Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge, last collected 2002), apparently introduced with roadside plantings; vars. not recognized
native to China
Fallopia cilinodis (Michaux) Holub - fringed false buckwheat
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1879, Cook Co.
Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub - climbing false buckwheat
native to Eurasia; to be expected on disturbed sites along forest edges (known from IA, WI and MI); easily and often confused with F. scandens
native to southeast Asia
erroneous report
Fallopia scandens (L.) Holub - climbing knotweed
Fallopia x bohemica (Chrtek & Chrtkov - hybrid Japanese knotweed
(F. japonica x sachalinensis) native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; collected 2000); easily confused with Fallopia sachalinensis and only recently was the hybrid distinguished from the parents
vars. Not formally recognized in FNA but acknowledged as being somewhat distinctive
native to Eurasia
western limit of distribution; known only from Carlton Co. (one roadside population, collected 1940); special concern
native to Europe; oily glands can cause skin irritation; sometimes confused with P. punctata
highly variable in appearance; rare historic record
Persicaria maculosa A. Gray - spotted ladysthumb
native to Eurasia, Africa and Oceania; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1877, Hennepin Co.; may cause skin irritation
native to India
state DOA noxious (CN) weed; highly variable in appearance; may cause skin irritation
vars. not recognized
highly variable in appearance
Polygonum arifolium L. - halberdleaf tearthumb
Polygonum aviculare L. - yard knotweed
native to Eurasia
native to Europe
native to Europe
native to Europe; possibly occurring in Minnesota, known from IA, SD, and Manitoba, in disturbed places
misapplied; see Persicaria longiseta
Polygonum douglasii Greene - Douglas' knotweed
Polygonum erectum L. - erect knotweed
Polygonum lapathifolium L. - nodding smartweed
Polygonum persicaria L. - spotted ladysthumb
Polygonum ramosissimum Michaux - yellow flower knotweed
known only from Lac Qui Parle Co. (collected 1988)
Polygonum tenue Michaux - slender knotweed
Rheum rhabarbarum L. - garden rhubard
native to Siberia; leaf blades toxic to humans and animals
Rumex acetosa L. - green sorrel
native to Eurasia and northwest Africa; occasionally misidentified as R. acetosella
Rumex acetosella L. - red sorrel
native to Eurasia; polyploidy complex highly variable in appearance
Rumex alpinus L. - Munk's rhubarb
native to Eurasia; known only from Cook Co. (collected 1977); only known specimen at UWSP
Rumex altissimus Alph. Wood - tall water dock
Rumex britannica L. - British dock
Rumex crispus L. - yellow dock
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1877, Hennepin Co.
frequently misidentified as R. maritimus, which is native to Eurasia and known from Alaska and Yukon and rarely appearing elsewhere
native to Eurasia
misapplied to our flora, see R. triangulivalvis; misapplied name
Rumex obtusifolius L. - blunt leaf dock
native to Eurasia; vars. not recognized
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from Canada, ND, SD, IA; weedy in wet meadows, bogs, on riverbanks, etc.; frequently misidentified as R. longifolius
Rumex patientia L. - patience dock
native to Eursia
native to Eurasia; frequently misidentified as R. longifolius and sometimes R. crispus
misapplied to our flora, see R. triangulivalvis; misapplied name
Rumex sanguineus L. - redvein dock
native to Africa and Eurasia; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN
Rumex stenophyllus Ledebour - narrowleaf dock
native to Eurasia
Rumex venosus Pursh - veiny dock
reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN, known from Manitoba, ND, SD, IA and WI; weedy on sandy soils
Rumex verticillatus L. - whorled water dock
(R. crispus x obtusifolius) common sterile hybrid to be expected on disturbed sites if parents nearby
Polypodium virginianum L. - common polypody
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms - common water hyacinth
native to tropical Americas; reported from Winona Co. but no specimens at MIN; unlikely to be persisting
northeast limit of distribution; threatened
Pontederia cordata L. - pickerelweed
Claytonia caroliniana Michaux - Carolina springbeauty
Claytonia virginica L. - miskodeed (Dakota and others)
disjunct from Rocky Mountains; known only from Winona Co. (last collected 1985); endangered
Phemeranthus parviflorus (Nuttall) Kiger - small flowered fameflower
northern limit of distribution; threatened
native to South America; reported for Minnesota by FNA as escaping and naturalizing near gardens but no specimens at MIN
Portulaca oleracea L. - common purslane
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG & Indonesia; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: R. Camara Leret; reference: FM7; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753
Potamogeton alpinus Balbis - northern pondweed
vars. not recognized
Potamogeton bicupulatus Fernald - snailseed pondweed
disjunct from eastern US; endangered
westernmost limit of distribution, known only from St. Louis Co. (one population, collected 2008); DNR watch list;endangered
Potamogeton crispus L. - curly pondweed
native to Eurasia; on MN-DNR Prohibited Invasive Species list; first collected 1929, Hennepin Co.
Potamogeton diversifolius Rafinesque - diverse leaved pondweed
endangered
Potamogeton epihydrus Rafinesque - ribbonleaf pondweed
Potamogeton friesii Ruprecht - flat stalk pondweed
Potamogeton gramineus L. - grass leaved pondweed
Potamogeton illinoensis Morong - Illinois pondweed
Potamogeton natans L. - floating pondweed
Potamogeton nodosus Poiret - American pondweed
endangered
Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen - whitestem pondweed
disjunct from eastern US; known only from Clearwater (collected 2007) and Cass (collected 2008) counties; endangered
Potamogeton pusillus L. - very small pondweed
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: R. Camara Leret; reference: FM16; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753
Potamogeton strictifolius A. Bennett - straight leaf pondweed
(P. strictifolius x zosteriformis) only known specimen from Minnesota deposited at GH; DNR watch list
(P. gramineus x illinoensis) known only from St. Louis Co. (collected 1940)
Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner - fennel leaf pondweed
last collected 1956; endangered
Zannichellia palustris L. - horned pondweed
Androsace occidentalis Pursh - western androsace
Androsace septentrionalis L. - northern androsace
special concern
Dodecatheon amethystinum (Fassett0 Fassett - dark throated shooting star
Dodecatheon meadia L. - prairie shooting star
endangered
Dodecatheon radicatum Greene - dark throated shooting star
misapplied; see D. amethystinum
Primula fassettii Mast & Reveal - dark throated shooting star
known only from the southeastern corner of the state; DNR watch list
Primula meadia (L.) Mast & Reveal - prairie shooting star
known only from Mower Co. (last collected 2008); endangered
vars. not recognized
Adiantum pedatum L. - northern maidenhair
Cheilanthes feei T. Moore - slender lip fern
erroneous report
Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link - purple cliffbrake
special concern
native to Europe; known only from Cook Co. (one roadside population, collected 1975)
Actaea pachypoda Elliott - white baneberry
plants poisonous
Upland-Conifer Forest, Maple Family
Anemone canadensis L. - round leaf tumbleweed
Anemone cylindrica A. Gray - long headed thimbleweed
Anemone halleri Allioni - glacial anemone
native to Europe; known only from Freeborn Co. (collected 1995), introduced with prairie planting
Anemone multifida Poiret - Pacific anemone
known only from Mahnomen Co. (one roadside population, collected 1941); rare historic record
Anemone patens L. - cutleaf anemone
plants poisonous
Anemone quinquefolia L. - two-leaf anemone
Anemone virginiana L. - tall thimbleweed
reported for northern Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN; known from Saskatchewan and Manitoba
Aquilegia brevistyla Hooker - smallflower columbine
erroneous report
Aquilegia canadensis L. - red columbine
Aquilegia vulgaris L. - European columbine
native to Europe; reported as a garden escape for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN
Caltha natans Pallas - floating marsh marigold
southern limit of distribution; known only from St. Louis Co.; endangered
invalid name; see Ranunculus testiculatus
Clematis occidentalis (Hornem.) DC. - western blue virginsbower
Clematis recta L. - ground virginsbower
native to eastern Asia; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one population, collected 1995)
may cause severe skin irritation
native to Europe and Africa; known only from Polk Co. (historical collection from 1882), probably escaped from cultivation
Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisbury - threeleaf goldthread
Delphinium carolinianum Walter - Carolina larkspur
erroneous report
Enemion biternatum Rafinesque - eastern false rue anemone
northwest limit of distribution; endangered
Myosurus minimus L. - tiny mousetail
Nigella damascena L. - love in a mist
native to Eurasia; known only from Otter Tail Co. (one weedy population, collected 1975), doubtfully persisting
Pollinated by early spring insects., source: https://www.morningskygreenery.com/product/anemone-patens-pulsatilla-patens/
Ranunculus abortivus L. - kidney leaf buttercup
toxic to livestock
Ranunculus acris L. - showy buttercup
native to Eurasia; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1878, St. Louis Co.; can cause severe skin irritation, toxic to livestock
Ranunculus ambigens S. Wats. - waterplantain spearwort
erroneous report
Ranunculus aquatilis L. - white water crowfoot
Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh - seaside crowfoot
plant highly toxic
Ranunculus flabellaris Rafinesque - yellow water buttercup
Ranunculus flammula L. - creeping buttercup
Ranunculus flammula var. flammula - greater creeping spearwort
erroneous report
Ranunculus gmelinii de Candolle - small yellow water crowfoot
vars. not recognized
Ranunculus hispidus Michx. - hispid buttercup
Ranunculus lapponicus L. - Lapland buttercup
special concern
Ranunculus macounii Britton - Macoun's buttercup
Ranunculus pedatifidus Sm. - surefoot buttercup
erroneous report
Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. f. - bristly buttercup
Ranunculus repens L. - creeping buttercup
native to Eurasia
Ranunculus sceleratus L. - cursed crowfoot
native to Eurasia; known only from Rock Co. (collected 1981), doubtfully persisting
misapplied to our flora, see T. venulosum; misapplied name
Thalictrum dioicum L. - early meadow-rue
although FNA indicates this as widespread in northeastern Minnesota, it is known only from two populations in Lake (collected 1914) and St. Louis (collected 2008) counties; DNR watch list
roots possibly toxic
Reseda lutea L. - yellow mignonette
native to Mediterranea; invasive and possibly to be expected on disturbed sites; known from Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, IA, KS, NE, WI
Ceanothus americanus L. - New Jersey tea
Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. - narrow leaved New Jersey tea
Ceanothus masonii McMinn - Mason's ceanothus
erroneous report
Frangula alnus Mill. - alder buckthorn
Rhamnus cathartica L. - European buckthorn
native to Eurasia; state DOA restricted noxious weed, first collected 1937, Hennepin Co.
Rhamnus davurica Pall. - Dahurian buckthorn
Rhamnus frangula L. - alder buckthorn
native to Europe; state DOA restricted noxious weed, first collected 1938, Ramsey Co.
Agrimonia eupatoria L. - churchsteeples
native of Eurasia; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; erroneous record
Agrimonia gryposepala Wallroth - common hairy agrimony
Agrimonia rostellata Wallr. - beaked agrimony
erroneous report
Agrimonia striata Michaux - woodland groovebur
Amelanchier humilis Wiegand - low serviceberry
Amelanchier laevis Wiegand - smooth juneberry
(A. bartramiana x laevis); invalid name
The nectar and pollen of the flowers undoubtedly attract bees and other insects. Among the bees, Osmia spp. (mason Bees) and Andrena spp. (Andrenid Bees) are common visitors of spring-blooming shrubs in the Rose family. The caterpillars of the butterfly Satyrium titus (Coral Hairstreak), the moth Catocala praeclara (Praeclara Underwing), and the moth Lomographa semiclarata (Bluish Spring Moth) feed on the foliage of Photinia spp. (Chokeberries)., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/bl_chokeberry.htm
Chamaerhodos erecta (L.) Bunge - Nuttall's little rose
Comarum palustre L. - purple marshlocks
all sources - recognized taxon for Minnesota; special concern
All sources - recognized taxon for Minnesota
Crataegus coccinea L. - scarlet hawthorn
Crataegus crus-galli L. - cockspur hawthorn
USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – not included; erroneous record
disjunct from western North America; All sources – recognized taxon for Minnesota; special concern
USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon but not reported for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – not included; erroneous record
Crataegus fluviatilis Sargent - bigfruit hawthorn
Crataegus holmesiana Ashe - Holme's hawthorn
USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – not included
Crataegus irrasa Sarg. - Blanchard's hawthorn
USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota – erroneously (based on misidentified specimens); NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – not included
Crataegus laurentiana Sarg. - Laurentian hawthorn
Crataegus macracantha Loddiges - large thorn hawthorn
USDA-NRCS 2009 – synonym for C. succulenta; NatureServe 2009 – not included; ITIS 2009 – synonym for C. succulenta; Smith 2008 – recognized taxon for Minnesota
Crataegus macrosperma Ashe - eastern hawthorn
All sources - recognized taxon for Minnesota
All sources - recognized taxon for Minnesota
Crataegus monogyna Jacquin - oneseed hawthorn
All sources - recognized taxon for Minnesota
Crataegus scabrida Sargent - rough leaved hawthorn
known only from Houston Co. (Spring Grove area, historical collections from 1902); USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; rare historic record
© Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. Privacy Statement