University of Minnesota http://www.umn.edu/ 612-625-5000 Minnesota Biodiversity AtlasBell Museum Includes taxa from following child checklists:
Authors:
Anita Cholewa, George Weiblen, Katie Noren & Timothy Whitfeld
Less Details
Locality: Minnesota Abstract: A comprehensive, annotated list of the vascular plants known, or reported, to occur in Minnesota Family membership is according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (Bot. J. The checklist was originally developed as a document by Anita Cholewa and was subsequently
Common names as given in the USDA-NRCS Plants database (2008) are also provided, Protection status is indicated for species listed as either endangered, threatened or Click on a scientific name to view specimens and a distribution map.
Families: 159
Genera: 811
Species: 2693
Total Taxa (details): 2877
Crataegus scabrida Sargent - rough leaved hawthorn
known only from Houston Co. (Spring Grove area, historical collections from 1902); USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; rare historic record Crataegus schuettei Ashe - Schuette
Crataegus schuettei var. cuneata Kruschke ex J.B. Phipps - Schuette's hawthorn
Crataegus sheridana A. Nels. - Great Plains fireberry hawthorn
USDA-NRCS 2009 – not included; NatureServe 2009 – not included; ITIS 2009 – not included; Smith 2008 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; known only from Big Stone Co. (collected 1997) but no specimens at MIN Crataegus submollis Sarg. - Quebec hawthorn
All sources – recognized taxon for Minnesota Crataegus succulenta Schrader ex Link - fleshy hawthorn
Crataegus succulenta var. succulenta - succulent hawthorn
All sources – recognized taxon for Minnesota Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. - shrubby cinquefoil
Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rydb. - tall cinquefoil
Introduction from Asia, planted as an ornamental or ground cover and has been known to escape cultivation., source: minnesotawildflowers.info Filipendula rubra (Hill) B.L. Robinson - queen of the prairie
native from IA, IL, WI and eastward; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one population collected 2009); only specimen at DUL Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maximowicz - queen of the meadow
native to Eurasia; known only from St. Louis Co. Fragaria vesca L. - woodland strawberry
Fragaria vesca subsp. americana Porter - woodland strawberry
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne - wild strawberry
Oak Savanna, Fra-gàr-i-a, Latin name from fraga, because of the fragrance of the fruit; vir-gi-ni-à-na, Virginian Fragaria virginiana subsp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt - Virginia strawberry
Fragaria virginiana subsp. virginiana - common strawberry
Geum aleppicum Jacquin - yellow avens
Geum canadense Jacquin - white avens
Geum canadense var. canadense - white avens
Geum laciniatum Murray - rough avens
Geum macrophyllum Willdenow - largeleaf avens
Geum macrophyllum var. macrophyllum - largeleaf avens
Geum macrophyllum var. perincisum (Rydberg) Raup - big leaved avens
Geum rivale L. - purple avens
Geum triflorum Pursh - prairie smoke
The flowers are cross-pollinated by bumblebees, which seek primarily nectar from the flowers (Choberka et al., 2000). These insects are strong enough to force their way into the flowers. The adults of a leaf beetle, Graphops marcassita, have been observed to feed on Prairie Smoke (Clark et al., 2004). The larvae of this beetle may also feed on the roots., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/prairie_smoke.html Geum triflorum var. triflorum - old man's whiskers
Geum virginianum L. - cream avens
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, WI, IL Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. - Siberian crab apple
Malus baccata var. baccata - Siberian crab apple
Malus floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte - Japanese flowering crab apple
Malus ioensis (Alph. Wood) Britton - prairie crab apple
Malus ioensis var. ioensis - prairie crab apple
Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. - plumleaf crab apple
Malus pumila Mill. - paradise apple
Malus x soulardii (L.H. Bailey) Britton - Soulard crab
(Malus ioensis × pumila); erroneous record Physocarpus intermedius (Rydb.) C.K. Schneid. - Atlantic ninebark
Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maximowicz - Atlantic ninebark
Potentilla anserina L. - common silverweed
Potentilla anserina subsp. anserina - silverweed cinquefoil
Potentilla argentea L. - silvery cinquefoil
native to Europe Potentilla bipinnatifida Douglas - tansy cinquefoil
Potentilla effusa Douglas ex Lehmann - branched cinquefoil
Potentilla effusa var. effusa - branched cinquefoil
report unverified Potentilla fruticosa L. - shrubby cinquefoil
invalid name; see Dasiphora fruticosa Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hooker - slender cinquefoil
Potentilla gracilis var. fastigiata (Nuttall) S. Watson - slender cinquefoil
Potentilla gracilis var. flabelliformis (Lehm.) Nutt. - slender cinquefoil
Potentilla hippiana Lehmann - branched cinquefoil
Potentilla hippiana var. hippiana - branched cinquefoil
Potentilla inclinata Vill. - ashy cinquefoil
report unverified Potentilla intermedia L. - downy cinquefoil
native to Eurasia; known only from St. Louis Co. (one resort-grounds population, collected 1950) Potentilla lasiodonta Rydberg - sandhills cinquefoil
known only from Polk Co. (collected 1940) Potentilla littoralis Rydberg - lakeshore potentilla
Potentilla norvegica L. - strawberryweed
Potentilla pensylvanica L. - tansy cinquefoil
Potentilla pensylvanica var. arida B. Boivin - tansy cinquefoil
some authors include this in var. bipinnatifida Potentilla pulcherrima Lehmann - beautiful cinquefoil
erroneous report Potentilla recta L. - rough fruit potentilla
native to Europe Potentilla reptans L. - creeping cinquefoil
report unverified Potentilla rivalis Nuttall - brook cinquefoil
Potentilla simplex Michaux - old field cinquefoil
Potentilla supina subsp. paradoxa (Nutt.) Soják - paradox cinquefoil
Potentilla verna L. - spring cinquefoil
native to Europe; known only from Hennepin Co. (roadside ground cover, collected 2009) Prunus americana Marshall - American wild plum
seeds contain cyanide compounds Prunus domestica L. - European plum
seeds contain cyanide compounds; cultigen from Europe reported as naturalized by MN-DNR (no further data) and USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN Prunus nigra Aiton - Canadian cherry
seeds contain cyanide compounds Prunus pensylvanica L. f. - fire cherry
seeds contain cyanide compounds Prunus pumila L. - sand cherry
Prunus pumila var. besseyi (L.H. Bailey) Gleason - western sandcherry
Prunus pumila var. pumila - Great Lakes sandcherry
Prunus pumila var. susquehanae (Willd.) H. Jaeger - Susquehana sandcherry
Prunus serotina Ehrhart - black cherry
Oak Savanna, Prú-nus, ancient Latin name of plums; se-rò-ti-na, late ripening Prunus serotina var. serotina - black cherry
bark, leaves, seeds highly toxic to humans, pets, and especially ruminant livestock Prunus tomentosa Thunberg - Nanking cherry
seeds contain cyanide compounds; native to Asia; naturalized only in Washington Co. (one population, collected 1990) Prunus triloba Lindley - flowering plum
erroneous report Prunus virginiana L. - choke cherry
Oak Savanna or Upland-Conifer Forest, Prú-nus, ancient Latin name of plums; vir-gi-ni-àn-a, Virginian Prunus virginiana var. virginiana - choke cherry
bark, leaves, seeds highly toxic to humans and livestock Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. - Chinese pear
Rosa acicularis Lindley - prickly wild rose
Rosa acicularis subsp. sayi (Schweinitz) W.H. Lewis - prickly rose
Rosa arkansana Porter - prairie wild rose
Oak Savanna, Rò-sa, ancient Latin name; ar-kan-sà-na, for the Arkansas River in Colorado Rosa blanda Aiton - smooth wild rose
Rosa canina L. - dog rose
Rosa carolina L. - Carolina rose
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, WI, IA, NE Rosa eglanteria L. - sweetbriar rose
rejected name; see Rosa rubiginosa; native to Europe; known only from Dakota Co. (one population, collected 1943) Rosa ferruiginea Vill. - redleaf rose
see Rosa glauca; uncertain status Rosa glauca Pourr. - redleaf rose
Rosa multiflora Thunberg - rambler rose
native to eastern Asia; known only from Washington Co., reports from national forests unconfirmed Rosa rubiginosa L. - sweetbriar rose
Rosa rubiginosa var. rubiginosa - sweetbrier rose
Rosa rugosa Thunberg - Japanese rose
native to eastern Asia; known only from Itasca Co. (one roadside population, collected 1958) Rosa setigera Michx. - climbing rose
Rosa spinosissima L. - Scotch rose
Rosa woodsii Lindl. - Woods' rose
Rosa woodsii var. woodsii - wild rose
Rosa x dulcissima Lunell - hybrid rose
(R. blanda x woodsii) Rosa x housei (Erlanson) - House's hybrid rose
(R. acicularis x blanda) FNA (in press) – not included; USDA-NRCS 2009 – synonym for R. kennedyanus; NatureServe 2009 – not recognized; ITIS 2009 – synonym for R. kennedyanus; Smith 2008 – recognized taxon for Minnesota (reported only from northern MN) Rubus allegheniensis Porter - Allegheny blackberry
Oak Savanna, Rù-bus, the Latin name, comparable to ruber, red; al-le-ghe-ni-én-sis, of the Allegheny Mountains Rubus arcticus L. - arctic raspberry
Rubus arcticus subsp. acaulis (Michaux) Fock - arctic dwarf raspberry
All sources – recognized taxon for Minnesota (widespread across Canada with extensions into US) Rubus canadensis L. - smooth blackberry
All sources – recognized taxon for Minnesota (common in eastern US and Canada) Rubus canadensis x pensilvanicus - showy blackberry
Rubus chamaemorus L. - cloudberry
common across Canada with few extensions into US; All sources – recognized taxon for Minnesota; reported only from the northeastern counties; threatened Rubus flagellaris Willdenow - whiplash dewberry
Oak Savanna, Rù-bus, the Latin name, comparable to ruber, red; fla-gel-là-ris, like a whip-lash Rubus fulleri L.H. Bailey - bristle-berry
threatened Rubus hispidus L. - bristly dewberry
FNA (in press) – recognized taxon for Minnesota; known only from along one portage trail in St. Louis Co. (collected 1952); USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon but not reported for Minnesota; NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon but not reported for Minnesota; erroneous record Rubus idaeus L. - American red raspberry
Rubus idaeus subsp. idaeus - American red raspberry
FNA (in press) – recognized taxon for Minnesota (as garden escape; no specimens at MIN); USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota (common across much of North America); NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – not included Rubus idaeus subsp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke - grayleaf red raspberry
All sources – recognized taxon for Minnesota (Smith 2008 – synonym for var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim.) Rubus idaeus var. strigosus (Michaux) Focke - grayleaf red raspberry
Oak Savanna or Upland-Conifer Forest, Rù-bus, the Latin name, comparable to ruber, red; i-da-è-us, of Mount Ida, Greece Rubus illecebrosus Focke - strawberry raspberry
native to Japan; FNA (in press) – recognized taxon (but known only from Nova Scotia and Quebec south to WV); USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota – probably erroneously (no specimens at MIN); NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – not included endangered special concern Rubus multiformis Blanch. - variable blackberry
(Rubus flagellaris x setosus) Rubus occidentalis L. - western blackberry
All sources – recognized taxon for Minnesota (common in eastern half of US and Canada) Rubus parviflorus Nutt. - thimbleberry
All sources – recognized taxon for Minnesota (common in western US and Canada; disjunct in central states and provinces) Native to Australia and eastern Asia. Observation data only in Minnesota, source: minnesotawildflowers.info Rubus pensilvanicus Poiret - Pennsylvania blackberry
FNA (in press) – recognized taxon for Minnesota; USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota (common in eastern US and Canada); NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; Smith 2008 – not included Rubus pergratus Blanch. - smooth blackberry
FNA (in press) – synonym for R. canadensis; USDA-NRCS 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota (common from MN and IA to ME and VA); NatureServe 2009 – recognized taxon for Minnesota; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – not included Rubus pubescens Raf. - dwarf red raspberry
Upland-Conifer Forest, Rose Family FNA (in press) – not included; USDA-NRCS 2009 – not included; NatureServe 2009 – not included; ITIS 2009 – recognized taxon; Smith 2008 – recognized taxon for Minnesota (known only from Carlton Co. and disjunct with WI populations from eastern provinces of Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick; erroneous record; special concern Rubus repens (L.) Kuntze - robin runaway
report unverified (Rubus flagellaris x hispidus) Rubus semisetosus Blanch. - bristle-berry
threatened Rubus setosus Bigelow - bristly blackberry
All sources – recognized taxon for Minnesota (Smith 2008 recognizes R. setosus var. rotundior Bailey as a synonym for R. fulleri) endangered Rubus superioris L.H. Bailey - Lake Superior blackberry
FNA (in press) – synonym for R. setosus; USDA-NRCS 2009 – synonym for R. vermontanus; NatureServe 2009 – not included; ITIS 2009 – synonym for R. vermontanus; Smith 2008 – recognized taxon for Minnesota Rubus vermontanus Blanch. - bristle-berry
special concern Rubus x elegantulus Blanchard - showy blackberry
report unverified; (Rubus canadensis x pensilvanicus) (Rubus idaeus strigosus x occidentalis) Rubus x paracaulis L.H. Bailey - blackberry
(Rubus arcticus acaulis x pubescens) Rubus x wisconsinensis L.H. Bailey - Wisconsin blackberry
(Rubus pensilvanicus x setosus) Sanguisorba minor Scop. - small burnet
Sanguisorba officinalis L. - great burnet
native to the west coast; reported for Minnesota by USDA but no specimens at MIN Sibbaldiopsis tridentata (Aiton) Rydb. - shrubby five-fingers
Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun - false spirea
Sorbus americana Marshall - American mountain ash
Sorbus aucuparia L. - European mountain ash
native to Europe Sorbus decora (Sargent) C.K. Schneider - showy mountain ash
Spiraea alba Du Roi - white meadowsweet
Spiraea alba var. alba - white meadowsweet
Spiraea alba var. latifolia (Aiton) Dippel - white meadowsweet
Spiraea lucida Douglas ex Greene - shinyleaf spirea
report unverified Spiraea tomentosa L. - steeplebush
Spiraea x billiardii Hort. ex K.Koch - spirea
(S. douglasii x salicifolia) native to Allegheny region; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; collected 2008) Spiraea x vanhouttei (Briot) Carri̬re - spiraea
(S. cantoniensis x trilobata) native to Europe Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michaux) Trattinnick - Appalachian barren strawberry
Waldsteinia fragarioides var. fragarioides - Appalachian barren strawberry
special concern Cephalanthus occidentalis L. - common buttonbush
poisonous to livestock Galium aparine L. - cleavers
Galium asprellum Michaux - rough bedstraw
Galium boreale L. - northern bedstraw
Galium brevipes - limestone swamp bedstraw
Galium circaezans Michx. - licorice bedstraw
Galium circaezans var. hypomalacum Fernald - licorice bedstraw
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, WI, IA, NE; DNR watch list Galium concinnum Torrey & A. Gray - shining bedstraw
Galium labradoricum (Wiegand) Wiegand - Labrador bedstraw
Galium lanceolatum Torr. - lanceleaf wild licorice
reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, Barron and Washburn counties of WI and IL Galium mollugo L. - white bedstraw
native to Europe Galium obtusum Bigelow - soft-stem spikerush
Galium obtusum var. obtusum - obtuse bedstraw
Galium odoratum (L.) Scopoli - sweet woodruff
native to Europe; known only from Washington Co. (one population, collected 1983) Galium tinctorium L. - stiff marsh bedstraw
Galium trifidum L. - threepetal bedstraw
Galium trifidum subsp. trifidum L. - three cleft bedstraw
Galium triflorum Michaux - fragrant bedstraw
Galium verum L. - yellow bedstraw
Galium verum var. verum - yellow spring bedstraw
native to Eurasia Houstonia canadensis Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. - Canadian summer bluet
erroneous report Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. - longleaf summer bluet
Mitchella repens L. - partridgeberry
Upland-Conifer Forest, Madder Family Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande - widgeon grass
special concern Ruppia maritima L. - widgeon grass
misapplied to our flora, see R. cirrhosa Convallaria majalis L. - European lily of the valley
Convallaria majalis var. majalis - European lily of the valley
native to Eurasia; roots and flowers toxic to pets, potentially toxic to humans Maianthemum canadense Desfontaines - false lily of the valley
Upland-Conifer Forest, Lily Family Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link - false solomon's seal
Maianthemum racemosum subsp. racemosum - false solomon's seal
Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link - starflower solomon's seal
Maianthemum trifolium (L.) Sloboda - three leaved false solomon
Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott - giant solomon
Polygonatum pubescens (Willdenow) Pursh - hairy solomon's seal
Phellodendron amurense Rupr. - amur corktree
erroneous report Phellodendron chinense C.K. Schneider - Chinese corktree
native to China; known only from Winona Co. (collected 2001), probably naturalized from nearby ornamental plantings; can become invasive Ptelea trifoliata L. - common hop tree
Ptelea trifoliata var. trifoliata - common hoptree
native to south and eastern US; known only from Hennepin Co. (last collected 1951), possibly planted Zanthoxylum americanum Miller - toothache tree
Oak Savanna, Zan-thó-xy-lum, from Greek xanthos, yellow, and xylon, wood; a-me-ri-cà-num, American Populus alba L. - silver leaf cottonwood
native to Eurasia; possibly can become invasive as spreads by root suckering Populus balsamifera L. - balsam poplar
Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall - eastern cottonwood
Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera (Aiton) Eckenwalder - plains cottonwood
Populus grandidentata Michaux - big tooth cottonwood
Oak Savanna or Upland-Conifer Forest, Pó-pu-lus, ancient Latin name; gran-di-den-tà-ta, large-toothed Populus nigra L. - black poplar
native to Eurasia; probably planted Populus tremuloides Michaux - trembling aspen
Oak Savanna or Upland-Conifer Forest, Pó-pu-lus, ancient Latin name; tre-mu-lo-ì-des, like the Eurasian species P. tremula, trembling Populus x canadensis Moench - Carolina poplar
(P. deltoides x nigra) reported for Minnesota by Flora of the Great Plains 1986 but no specimens at MIN Populus x canescens (Aiton) Smith - gray poplar
(P. alba x tremula) native to Eurasia; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, WI, IL Populus x jackii Sargent - Jack
(P. balsamifera x deltoides) rarely produces viable seed Populus x smithii B. Boivin - cottonwood
(P. grandidentata x tremuloides) reported for Minnesota by Ownbey and Morley 1991 and MN-DNR but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, NE, IL Salix alba L. - white willow
native to Europe; only two specimens (verified by G. Argus, 2010) indicate possible naturalization in Minnesota Salix amygdaloides Andersson - peachleaf willow
Salix babylonica L. - weeping willow
misapplied; see Salix x sepulcralis Salix bebbiana - gray willow
Salix candida Flugge ex Willd. - sage willow
Salix cordata Michaux - sand dune willow
to be expected in eastern counties on sandy soil; known from WI and eastward; considered to be a synonym of S. eriocephala in Smith 2008 Salix daphnoides Villars - European willow
native to Eurasia; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one population collected 1980) Salix discolor Muhl. - pussy willow
Salix eriocephala Michx. - heart leaved willow
Salix eriocephala var. famelica (C.R Ball) Dorn - diamond willow
misapplied to eastern US flora see S. interior; misapplied name Salix famelica (C. R. Ball) Argus - diamond willow
fide G. Argus (pers. comm.) populations of this western species are quite distinct from the eastern S. eriocephala; in Minnesota, however, there exists a narrow band of hybrids Salix humilis Marshall - upland willow
Salix humilis var. humilis - prairie willow
Salix humilis var. tristis (Aiton) Griggs - prairie willow
Salix interior Rowlee - narrow leaf willow
Salix lucida Muhlenberg - shining willow
vars. not recognized misapplied to our flora (G. Argus, pers. comm.) see S. famelica; misapplied name Salix maccalliana Rowlee - hoary fruited willow
special concern Salix myricoides Muhl. - bayberry willow
erroneous report Salix nigra Marshall - black willow
vars. not recognized Salix pedicellaris Pursh - bog willow
Salix pellita (Andersson) Bebb - satiny willow
state Special Conern list; threatened Salix pentandra L. - bay willow
native to Europe; fide G. Argus 2010, only carpellate plants are found in the US Salix petiolaris Smith - slender leaved willow
Salix planifolia Pursh - plane-leaved willow
Salix pseudomonticola C.R. Ball - false mountaineer willow
vegetative specimens may be easily confused with S. famelica; special concern Salix purpurea L. - purpleosier willow
native to Europe; reported for Minnesota by FNA but no specimens at MIN Salix pyrifolia Andersson - balsam willow
Salix sericea Marshall - silky willow
vegetative material may be difficult to distinguish from S. petiolaris; known only from Fillmore Co. (collected 1982) Salix serissima (L.H. Bailey) Fernald - autumn willow
potentially invasive (fide G. Argus 2010), unlike most willows, seeds of this species experience winter dormancy and germinate very early in the spring before the seedlings can be outcompeted by others, and Smith 2008 indicates few Minnesota plants are long-lived Salix x beschelii B. Boivin - hybrid willow
(S. bebbiana x discolor) only one specimen identified as "possibly S. bebbiana x discolor" suggested by the presence of ferruginous hairs but otherwise characters indicate S. bebbiana (fide G. Argus, 2010); Isanti County (collected 1926) Salix x conifera Wangenh. - prairie willow
(Salix discolor x humilis) Salix x fragilis L. - whitecrack willow
(S. alba x euxina) native to Europe; viable seed rarely produced Salix x rubella Bebb ex C.K. Schneider - hybrid willow
(S. candida x eriocephala) – erroneously reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS; currently known only from Newfoundland and NY Salix x sepulcralis Simonkai - weeping willow
Salix x sepulcralis var. chrysocoma (Dode) Meikle - weeping willow
(S. alba x babylonica) native to Europe; previously all weeping willows were called S. babylonica, which is not cold hardy; strongly pendulous and golden branches; known only from Anoka Co. (collected 2006) Salix x sepulcralis var. sepulcralis - weeping willow
(S. alba x babylonica) native to Europe; previously all weeping willows were called S. babylonica, which is not cold hardy; possibly var. sepulcralis (fide G. Argus 2010) -- known only from Cass Co. (collected 1992) Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitch. - kariba weed
Federally listed Noxious Weed and on MN-DNR’s Prohibited Invasive Species list; common aquarium plant native to tropical Asia and known only from southernmost states; unlikely to be overwintering in Minnesota; reports from Winona Co. unverified Acer ginnala Maxim. - amur maple
native to Asia Acer negundo L. - box elder
Oak Savanna, À-cer, ancient Latin name; ne-gún-do, aboriginal name Acer negundo var. interius (Britton) Sargent - box elder
Acer negundo var. negundo - box elder
report unverified Acer nigrum Michaux f. - black maple
Acer pensylvanicum L. - striped maple
report unverified Acer platanoides L. - Norway maple
native to Europe; naturalized only in St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; collected 2003) Acer rubrum L. - red maple
Oak Savanna, À-cer, ancient Latin name; rù-brum, red Acer rubrum var. rubrum - red maple
fall leaves deadly poisonous to horses Acer saccharinum L. - silver maple
Acer saccharum Marshall - sugar maple
Acer saccharum var. saccharum Marshall - sugar maple
Acer spicatum Lam. - moose maple
Presence in Minnesota based on observation records from Minnesota Wildflowers website Aesculus glabra Willdenow - horse chestnut
native to eastern US; toxic to pets Aesculus hippocastanum L. - horse chestnut
Sarracenia purpurea L. - northern pitcher plant
Sarracenia purpurea subsp. purpurea - purple pitcher plant
Sarracenia purpurea var. gibbosa - purple pitcher plant
erroneous report Chrysosplenium alternifolium L. - Iowa watermat
misapplied to US flora see C. iowense; misapplied name Chrysosplenium americanum Schweinitz ex Hooker - American watermat
Chrysosplenium iowense Rydberg - Iowa watermat
disjunct from Canadian prairies in the Driftless Area of MN and IA; endangered Heuchera richardsonii R. Brown - prairie alumroot
Micranthes pensylvanica (L.) Haworth - eastern swamp saxifrage
Micranthes virginiensis (Michaux) Small - early saxifrage
Mitella diphylla L. - two leaf bishop's cap
Mitella nuda L. - bare stem bishop
Saxifraga cernua L. - bulblet saxifrage
disjunct from arctic Canada and Rocky Mountains, known only from Cook Co. (last collected 1980); rarely producing seed, reproduction primarily from bulblets; endangered Saxifraga paniculata Miller - encrusted saxifrage
Lake Superior populations disjunct from eastern Canada; special concern Sullivantia sullivantii (Torrey & A. Gray) Britton - reniform sullivantia
northern limit of distribution; threatened Tiarella cordifolia L. - heartleaf foamflower
western limit of distribution; known only from Stearns Co. (one population, collected 1998) Scheuchzeria palustris L. - pod grass
Limosella aquatica L. - water mudwort
special concern Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh - lanceleaf figwort
Scrophularia marilandica L. - Maryland figwort
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one population, collected 1997) Verbascum blattaria L. - moth mullein
native to Eurasia; known only from Beltrami Co. (one roadside population, collected 1999) Verbascum chaixii Villars - nettle-leaf mullain
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (Duluth area; one lawn-weed population, collected 2002) Verbascum nigrum L. - black mullein
native to Eurasia; known only from Minneapolis area (one population, collected 1933) Verbascum phlomoides L. - orange mullein
native to Europe; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN Verbascum thapsus L. - common mullein
native to Europe; leaves and inflorescence possibly toxic Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring - rock spikemoss
Selaginella selaginoides (L.) Palisot de Beauvois ex Martius & Schrank - northern spikemoss
known only from Cook Co. (last collected 1998); endangered Smilax ecirrhata S. Watson - erect carrion flower
Smilax herbacea L. - smooth carrionflower
Smilax illinoensis Mangaly - Illinois carrion flower
Smilax lasioneura Hooker - Blue Ridge carrionflower
Smilax pulverulenta Michaux - downy greenbrier
reported for Minnesota (far southeast corner) by FNA but no specimens at MIN (probably based on misidentified specimens) Smilax rotundifolia L. - roundleaf greenbrier
Smilax tamnoides L. - chinaroot
see D. wrightii; misapplied name Datura stramonium L. - jimsonweed
native from tropical US to Central America; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1878, St. Louis Co.; contains hallucinogenic compounds, deadly poisonous to pets and livestock Datura wrightii Regel - angel
native from southwestern US to Mexico; occasionally escaping, rarely persisting Leucophysalis grandiflora (Hook.) Rydb. - dwarf ground chervil
Lycium barbarum L. - matrimony vine
native to Eurasia Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertner - apple of Peru
native to Peru; known only from Winona Co. (last collected 1901) Nicotiana rustica L. - Aztec tobacco
native to tropical America; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; annual unlikely to be persisting Petunia axillaris (Lam.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. - large white petunia
(Petunia axillaris x integrifolia) native to Argentina; reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; doubtfully persisting annual Physalis alkekengi L. - strawberry groundcherry
native to Eurasia; reported for Minnesota by Morley 1969 as a rare garden escape but no specimens at MIN Physalis grisea (Waterf.) M. Martiñez - strawberry-tomato
Physalis heterophylla Nees - clammy groundcherry
Physalis heterophylla var. heterophylla - clammy groundcherry
Physalis hispida (Waterf.) Cronquist - prairie groundcherry
report unverified Physalis longifolia Nutt. - longleaf groundcherry
Physalis longifolia var. longifolia - longleaf groundcherry
reported for Minnesota by Gleason & Cronquist 1991 but no specimens at MIN; known throughout the US and eastern Canada Physalis longifolia var. subglabrata (Mack. & Bush) Cronquist - longleaf groundcherry
report unverified Physalis philadelphica - Mexican groundcherry
Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata Waterf. - Mexican groundcherry
report unverified Physalis pubescens L. - hairy ground cherry
Physalis pubescens var. integrifolia (Dunal) Waterf. - husk tomato
Physalis virginiana Mill. - Virginia ground cherry
Physalis virginiana var. virginiana (Dunal) Waterf. - Virginia groundcherry
Solanum americanum Mill. - West Indian black nightshade
Solanum carolinense L. - Carolina horse nettle
Solanum carolinense var. carolinense - Carolina horsenettle
Solanum dulcamara L. - bittersweet nightshade
Solanum dulcamara var. dulcamara - climbing nightshade
Solanum nigrum L. - black nightshade
Solanum physalifolium Rusby - hoe nightshade
Solanum ptychanthum Dunal - West Indian black nightshade
Solanum rostratum Dunal - horned nightshade
native to central US; state DOA noxious (CN) weed, first collected 1890, Hennepin Co. Solanum triflorum Nuttall - three flowered nightshade
native to western US Solanum tuberosum L. - cultivated potato
native to Andes Mountains of South America; occasionally escaping from cultivation, rarely persisting more than 1 or 2 years Sparganium americanum Nuttall - Nuttall
Sparganium androcladum (Engelmann) Morong - branched bur-reed
Sparganium angustifolium Michaux - narrowleaf bur-reed
Sparganium emersum Rehmann - unbranched bur reed
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: R. Camara Leret; reference: none; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1872 Sparganium erectum L. - giant bur reed
misapplied to North American flora, see S. eurycarpum Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. - giant bur reed
Sparganium fluctuans (Engelmann ex Morong) B.L. Robinson - floating bur-reed
Sparganium glomeratum (Beurling ex Laestadius) L.M. Newman - clustered bur-reed
Sparganium natans L. - small bur-reed
Staphylea trifolia L. - American bladdernut
Tamarix gallica L. - Franch tamarisk
Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. - saltcedar
Taxus canadensis Marshall - Canada yew
deadly poisonous to humans, pets, and livestock Phegopteris connectilis (Michaux) Watt - northern beech fern
Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michaux) F̩e - broad beech fern
northwest limit of distribution; endangered Thelypteris palustris Schott - eastern marsh fern
Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens (Lawson) Fernald - northern marsh fern
Daphne mezereum L. - paradise plant
native to Eurasia; known to be invasive in the eastern US and Canada and poisonous to humans; known only from Lake Co. (only known specimen at DUL) though scheduled to be extirpated by state Dept. of Agriculture Dirca palustris L. - eastern leatherwood
mildly toxic to mammals and may cause dermatitis Tofieldia pusilla (Michaux) Persoon - small false asphodel
disjunct from arctic regions and Canadian Rocky Mountains; endangered Triantha glutinosa (Michaux) Baker - sticky false asphodel
Typha angustifolia L. - narrowleaf cattail
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG & Indonesia; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: R. Camara Leret; reference: none; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753 Typha latifolia L. - broadleaf cattail
Typha x glauca Godron - hybrid cattail
(T. angustifolia x latifolia) although reported from only 20 of the 87 counties, fide Lee Frelich, UM research associate, forest ecology (pers. comm.), this hybrid is much more widespread, often out-competing both parents Ulmus americana L. - American elm
Oak Savanna, Úl-mus, ancient Latin name; a-me-ri-cà-na, American Ulmus glabra Huds. - Wych elm
native to Eurasia; erroneously reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS Ulmus pumila L. - Siberian elm
native to eastern Asia Ulmus rubra Muhl. - red elm
Ulmus thomasii Sargent - cork elm
Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Swartz - bog hemp
Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell - Canadian woodnettle
Parietaria pensylvanica Muhlenberg ex Willdenow - Pennsylvania pellitory
Pilea fontana (Lunell) Rydberg - black fruited clearweed
Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray - dwarf clearweed
Urtica dioica L. - stinging nettle
Urtica dioica subsp. dioica - California nettle
misapplied; see Urtica dioica subsp. gracilis Urtica dioica subsp. gracilis (Aiton) Selander - California nettle
can cause skin irritation Valeriana edulis Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray - tobacco root
Valeriana edulis var. ciliata (Torrey & A. Gray) Cronquist - edible valerian
northwest limit of distribution; threatened Valeriana officinalis L. - garden heliotrope
native to Eurasia Glandularia canadensis (L.) Small - rose mock vervain
Phyla lanceolata (Michaux) Greene - lanceleaf fogfruit
Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. - long bracted vervain
Verbena hastata L. - blue vervain
The flowers of Blue Vervain attract many kinds of long-tongued and short-tongued bees, including honey bees, bumblebees, cuckoo bees (Triepeolus spp.), digger bees (Melissodes spp.), Halictid bees, and dagger bees (Calliopsis spp.), including the oligolectic Verbena Bee (Calliopsis verbenae). These bees seek primarily nectar, although some species collect pollen. Other floral visitors include Sphecid wasps, Vespid wasps, Syrphid flies, bee flies (Exoprosopa spp.), thick-headed flies (Physocephala spp.), small butterflies, skippers, and moths (Robertson, 1929). Other insects feed on the leaves and other parts of Blue Vervain and other Verbena spp. Examples of such insects include both adults and larvae of a flea beetle (Longitarsus suspectus), larvae of the Vervain Leaf Midge (Clinodiplosis verbenae), the Verbena Aphid (Macrosiphum verbenae), leaf-eating larvae of the Verbena Moth (Crambodes talidiformis), and larvae of the Verbena Bud Moth (Endothenia hebesana)., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/wetland/plants/bl_vervain.htm Verbena hastata var. hastata - swamp verbena
Verbena hastata var. scabra Moldenke - swamp verbena
Verbena officinalis L. - herb of the cross
Verbena officinalis var. officinalis - herb of the cross
native to Europe; known only from St. Louis Co. (one garden plot population, collected 2005) Verbena simplex Lehmann - narrowleaf vervain
special concern Verbena stricta Ventenat - hoary vervain
Many kinds of insects are attracted to the flowers, including long-tongued bees, green metallic bees, thread-waisted wasps, bee flies, thick-headed flies, butterflies, and skippers. Among the long-tongued bees, the flowers attract such visitors as honeybees, bumblebees, little carpenter bees, cuckoo bees (Triepeolus spp.), miner bees (Melissodes spp.), and leaf-cutting bees (Megachile spp.). A specialist visitor of the flowers is Calliopsis verbenae (Verbena Bee). Several grasshoppers feed on the foliage of Hoary Vervain: Hippiscus ocelote (Wrinkled Grasshopper), Melanoplus confusus (Little Pasture Grasshopper), Melanoplus femurrubrum (Red-Legged Grasshopper), and Melanoplus keeleri luridus (Keeler's Grasshopper). Other insect feeders include caterpillars of the moth Catabena lineolata (Fine-Lined Sallow), caterpillars of Crambodes talidiformis (Verbena Moth), and the aphid Macrosiphum verbenae., source: http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/hry_vervainx.htm Verbena urticifolia L. - nettle leaf vervain
Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa L.M. Perry & Fernald - white vervain
Verbena urticifolia var. urticifolia - white vervain
Verbena x deamii Moldenke - vervain
(V. bracteata x stricta) known only from New Ulm area (historical collection from 1891); rare historic record Verbena x perriana Moldenke - vervain
(V. bracteata x urticifolia) known only from Minneapolis area (historical collections to 1877); rare historic record Verbena x rydbergii Moldenke - vervain
(V. hastata x stricta) reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, WI, IA, NE Hybanthus concolor Sprengel - eastern greenviolet
range extension from IA and WI; known only from Winona Co. (one population, collected 1999); endangered Viola adunca Smith - hookedspur violet
Viola adunca var. adunca - hookedspur violet
Viola affinis LeConte - sand violet
Viola arvensis Murray - European field pansy
native to Europe; known only from Cass Co. (last collected 1939), doubtfully persisting Viola bicolor Pursh - field pansy
Viola blanda Willd. - big leaved white violet
Viola canadensis L. - Canadian white violet
Viola canadensis var. canadensis - creepingroot violet
Viola canadensis var. rugulosa (Greene) C.L. Hitchcock - creeping root violet
Viola cucullata Aiton - marsh violet
Viola labradorica Schrank - alpine violet
Viola lanceolata L. - lance leaf violet
Viola lanceolata var. lanceolata - lance leaf violet
threatened Viola macloskeyi F.E. Lloyd - small white violet
Viola macloskeyi subsp. pallens (Banks ex Ging.) M.S. Baker - northern white violet
Viola missouriensis Greene - Missouri violet
Viola nephrophylla Greene - northern bog violet
Viola novae-angliae House - New England blue violet
Viola nuttallii Pursh - yellow prairie violet
eastern limit of distribution; threatened Viola palustris L. - northern white violet
Viola pedata L. - birdfoot violet
Viola pedata var. pedata L. - beardless birdfoot violet
Viola pedatifida G. Don - prairie violet
Viola primulifolia L. - primrose-leaved violet
Viola primulifolia var. primulifolia L. - primrose-leaved violet
Viola pubescens Aiton - downy yellow violet
Viola pubescens var. pubescens - downy yellow violet
Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula Torrey & A. Gray - downy yellow violet
Viola renifolia A. Gray - kidney leaf violet
Viola sagittata Aiton - arrowleaf violet
Viola sagittata var. ovata - arrowleaf violet
Viola sagittata var. sagittata - arrowleaf violet
Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie - great spurred violet
Viola sororia Willdenow - dooryard violet
Viola tricolor L. - small pansy
introduced from Europe Viola x bernardii (Greene) Greene - Bernard violet
(V. pedatifida x sororia) reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN Viola x bissellii House - hybrid violet
(V. cucullata x sororia) known only from St. Louis Co. Viola x conjugens Greene - hybrid violet
(V. sagittata x sororia) Viola x mistura House - hybrid violet
(V. palmata x sagittata) Viola x napae House - hybrid violet
Viola x populifolia Greene - Peck's violet
(V. sororia x triloba) reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN Viola x sublanceolata House - lanceleaf violet
(Viola lanceolata x macloskeyi); reported for Minnesota by USDA-NRCS but no specimens at MIN; known from Ontario, IA; report unverified Arceuthobium pusillum Peck - eastern dwarf mistletoe
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planchon - woodbine
leaves and fruit toxic native to China and Japan; known only from Pipestone Co. (one population, collected 1961) Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchcock - Virginia creeper
Vitis aestivalis Michaux - silver leaf grape
Vitis aestivalis var. argentifolia (Munson) Fernald - summer grape
see Vitis aestivalis var. bicolor; threatened Vitis aestivalis var. bicolor Michx. - summer grape
threatened Vitis riparia Michaux - wild grape
Xyris montana Ries - montane yellow-eyed grass
special concern Xyris torta Smith - twisted yelloweyed grass
northwest limit of distribution; endangered Tribulus terrestris L. - caltrop
|