[Accipiter cooperi]
R, Breeds throughout. Winter visitant mostly south.
[Accipiter atricapillus, Accipiter palumbarius, Astur atricapillus, Astur palumbarius, Falco naevius]
R, Breeds locally north-central and northeast. Irruptive migrant and winter visitant mostly north. State designation: Special Concern.
[Accipiter chionogaster, Accipiter erythronemius, Accipiter velox, Accipiter ventralis]
R, Breeds north. Winter visitant mostly south.
Rr, Rare migrant throughout. Winter visitant mostly southeast.
[Buteo borealis, Buteo harlani]
R, Breeds throughout. Winter visitant mostly south.
[Archibuteo lagopus, Buteo lagopus s.johannis]
R, Migrant and winter visitant throughout.
R, Breeds south, east, and central. Winter visitant mostly southeast. State designation: Special Concern.
R, Breeds north, central, and east. Migrant throughout.
[Archibuteo ferrugineus]
C, Former Regular migrant and summer visitant mostly west. Recorded in 4 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
R, Breeds mostly west. Migrant throughout, but rare north-central and northeast.
[Circus hudsonius]
R, Breeds throughout.
[Circus cyaneus]
R, Breeds throughout.
A, Former summer resident. Eighteen records since 1900: 7 spring, 1 spring-fall, 3 summer, 6 fall, and 1 undated. Recorded in two (2007, 2008) of the last 10 years. Formerly Casual.
[Elanus hypoleucus, Elanus leucurus, Elanus leucurus majusculus, Elanus notatus]
A, Three records: 2 spring and 1 summer. Two records (2008, 2011) in the last 10 years. .
[Elanus caeruleus, Elanus hypoleucus, Elanus leucurus majusculus, Elanus notatus]
A, Three records: 2 spring and 1 summer. Two records (2008, 2011) in the last 10 years. .
R, Breeds throughout. Winter visitant throughout.
C, Thirty-eight records: 12 spring, 3 summer, and 23 fall. Recorded in 7 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
[Otocoris alpestris]
R, Breeds south and west. Migrant throughout. Overwinters south and west.
[Megaceryle alcyon, Megaceryle alcyon alcyon, Megaceryle alcyon caurina]
R, Breeds throughout.
[Ceryle alcyon, Megaceryle alcyon alcyon, Megaceryle alcyon caurina]
R, Breeds throughout.
[Plautus alle alle]
A, Two fall records (1931, 1962).
[Cephus mandtii]
A, One fall record (2009).
A, Seven records: 6 fall and 1 winter. Last recorded 1999.
[Dafila acuta]
R, Breeds mostly west. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds mostly north. Migrant throughout.
[Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus, 1758)]
R, Breeds mostly west. Migrant throughout.
[Anas carolinensis, Nettion carolinense]
R, Rare breeder throughout except southeast. Migrant throughout. Migrant throughout.
[Anas rafflesii]
Rr, Rare summer visitant and migrant, primarily in spring.
[Anas platyrhynchos fulvigula]
A, One sighting. This sighting has yet to be been considered by MOURC.
C, Thirty records: 22 spring, 4 summer, and 4 fall. Recorded in 4 of the last 10 years, most recently 2009.
[Anas boschas, Anas diazi, Anas diazi novimexicana, Anas oustaleti]
R, Breeds throughout. Locally overwinters.
A, Two spring records (1987, 1993).
[Anas obscura]
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout but rare southwest. Winter visitant mostly south.
R, Breeds mostly west and central. Migrant throughout.
R, Migrant mostly south and west.
[Chen atlantica, Chen caerulescens, Chen hyperborea atlantica, Chen hyperborea hyperborea, Chen hyperboreus]
R, Migrant throughout, but rare north-central.
[Chen rossii]
R, Migrant mostly south and west.
R, Breeds northwest. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds mostly west and central. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds throughout except far south. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds mostly west and central. Migrant throughout but rare northeast.
[Branta nigricans]
C, Eighteen records: 7 spring, 1 summer, 9 fall, and 1 fall-winter. Recorded in 4 of the last 10 years, most recently 2012.
[Branta hutchinsii, Branta minima]
R, Migrant throughout.
[Branta canadensis, Branta minima]
R, Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds locally, mostly northwest. Migrant throughout.
[Clangula clangula]
R, Breeds north. Migrant throughout, and locally overwinters.
[Clangula islandica]
Rr, Migrant mostly northeast, east-central, and southeast. Winters locally. Formerly Casual.
[Anser caerulescens, Chen atlantica, Chen hyperborea atlantica, Chen hyperborea hyperborea, Chen hyperboreus]
R, Migrant throughout, but rare north-central.
[Anser rossii]
R, Migrant mostly south and west.
R, Migrant and winter visitant, primarily on Lake Superior.
R, Former summer resident (pre-1900). Reintroduced in Minnesota. Breeds throughout, but rare in the far west and southeast. Winters locally. State designation: Special Concern.
R, Migrant throughout but rare southwest. Two breeding records (1932, 1956), both involving an injured bird.
Rr, Introduced in North America. Rare at any season; some records likely involve birds of captive origin. One breeding record (1988).
[Dendrocygna discolor]
C, Ten records: 2 spring, 1 spring-summer, and 7 fall. Seven of these records involved birds of uncertain origin. Recorded in 4 of the last 10 years, most recently 2011.
[Dendrocygna fulva]
Ao, One spring (1929) and 1 fall (1950) record.
Rr, Rare migrant and winter visitant primarily on Lake Superior.
[Mergus cucullatus]
R, Breeds throughout. Migrant throughout.
[Melanitta nigra, Oidemia americana, Oidemia nigra americana, Oidemia nigra nigra]
R, Migrant primarily on Lake Superior, rare elsewhere.
[Melanitta deglandi, Melanitta deglandi deglandi, Melanitta deglandi dixoni, Oidemia deglandi]
R, Migrant primarily on Lake Superior, rare elsewhere.
[Melanitta americana, Oidemia americana, Oidemia nigra americana, Oidemia nigra nigra]
R, Migrant primarily on Lake Superior, rare elsewhere.
R, Migrant primarily on Lake Superior, rare elsewhere.
[Mergus albellus]
Ao, One spring record (1999).
[Mergus americanus, Mergus mexicanus]
R, Breeds mostly north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout, and locally overwinters.
R, Breeds northeast mostly Lake Superior. Migrant throughout, and locally overwinters.
[Oxyura ferruginea]
R, Breeds mostly west and central. Migrant throughout but rare north-central and northeast.
[Somateria dresseri, Somateria mollissima v. nigra, Somateria v-nigra]
A, Four fall records. Last recorded 1966. Three additional records of Somateria sp.
C, Twenty-one records: 3 spring, 12 fall, and 6 winter. Recorded in 3 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013. Three additional records of Somateria sp.
[Aeronautes melanoleucus, Cypselus melanoleucus]
A, One spring record (2000).
R, Breeds south and west. Migrant throughout, but rare northeast.
[Ardea herodias sancti-lucae, Ardea occidentalis occidentalis, Ardea occidentralis]
R, Breeds throughout.
R, Breeds mostly north and central. Migrant throughout.
[Ardeola ibis, Bubulcus coromandus, Bubulcus lucidus]
Rr, Rare migrant mostly south and west. Rarely breeds.
[Ardea scapularis, Ardea virescens, Butorides atricapilla, Butorides brevipes, Butorides javanica, Butorides rogersi, Butorides virescens, Butorides virescens anthonyi, Butorides virescens frazari, Butorides virescens virescens]
R, Breeds throughout but absent far northeast.
[Ardea scapularis, Ardea virescens, Butorides atricapilla, Butorides brevipes, Butorides javanica, Butorides rogersi, Butorides striatus, Butorides virescens anthonyi, Butorides virescens frazari, Butorides virescens virescens]
R, Breeds throughout but absent far northeast.
[Ardea caerulea, Florida caerulea caerulea, Florida cerulea]
Rr, Rare migrant mostly south. Last breeding record 1981.
[Ardea candidissima, Egretta candidissima, Leucophoyx thula, Leucophoyx thula brewsteri, Leucophoyx thula thula]
Rr, Rare migrant mostly south and west. Three breeding records (1977, 1978, 1986).
[Ardea tricolor, Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis]
A, Sixteen records: 9 spring, 1 spring-summer, 5 summer, and 1 summer-fall. Recorded in two (2007, 2012) of the last 10 years. Formerly Casual.
[Botaurus exilis, Ixobrychus erythromelas]
R, Breeds throughout except northeast.
[Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti, Nyctanassa violacea violacea, Nycticorax violaceus]
Rr, Rare migrant south and summer resident mostly southeast. Last breeding record 1984.
R, Breeds locally south and west.
[Nyctanassa violacea, Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti, Nyctanassa violacea violacea]
Rr, Rare migrant south and summer resident mostly southeast. Last breeding record 1984.
R, Breeds throughout. Winter visitant mostly south and central.
R, Irruptive winter visitant mostly north and central.
[Antrostomus carolinensis Gmelin]
A, Five summer records: four from the same locality in successive years (1981
[Chordeiles virginianus]
R, Breeds throughout. Declining.
A, One spring record (1963).
R, Breeds throughout but rare far northwest.
[Catharistes urubu, Coragyps urubu]
C, Six records, 5 spring, 1 fall. Recorded in 4 of the last 10 years, most recently 2011.
[Certhia familiaris albescens, Certhia familiaris americana, Certhia familiaris leucosticta, Certhia familiaris montana, Certhia familiaris nigrescens, Certhia familiaris occidentalis, Certhia familiaris zelotes]
R, Breeds north and east. Migrant and winter visitant throughout.
[Aegialites meloda]
Rr, Breeds rarely on Lake of the Woods. Rare migrant throughout. State designation: Endangered. Federal designations: Great Lakes population, Endangered; Northern Great Plains population, Threatened.
[Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus Edwards 1982]
C, Eleven records: 5 spring, 5 summer, and 1 fall. One breeding record (2006). Recorded in 4 of the last 10 years, most recently 2009.
[Aegialites vocifera, Oxyechus vociferus]
R, Breeds throughout.
A, Three records: 2 spring and 1 summer. Recorded in one (2013) of the last 10 years.
[Charadrius dominicus, Charadrius fulvus]
R, Migrant throughout.
[Charadrius squatarola, Squatarola squatarola]
R, Migrant throughout.
[Tantalus loculator]
A, One summer record (2004). Federal designation: Endangered.
[Cinclus ardesiacus, Cinclus zinkus]
A, Three records: 2 summer and 1 winter-spring. Last recorded 1993.
[Chloroenas albilinea, Columba albilinea]
A, Eleven records: 1 spring, 3 summer, 6 fall, and 1 fall-spring. Recorded in two (2009, 2011) of the last 10 years.
R, Introduced in North America. Permanent resident throughout.
[Scardafella inca]
A, One fall record (2007).
[Columbigallina passerina bahamensis, Columbigallina passerina pallescens, Columbigallina passerina passerina]
A, Four fall records. Recorded in three (2004, 2005, 2010) of the last ten years.
X, Extinct. Former migrant and summer resident. Last specimen record 1895.
R, Introduced in North America. Permanent resident mostly south and west.
[Melopelia leucoptera]
C, Twenty-three records, 10 spring, 5 summer, and 8 fall. Recorded in 9 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
[Zenaidura graysoni, Zenaidura macroura, Zenaidura macroura carolinensis, Zenaidura macroura marginella]
R, Breeds throughout. Winter visitant mostly south.
[Corvus americanus]
R, Permanent resident throughout.
R, Permanent resident mostly north.
R, Permanent resident throughout.
A, Twenty-two records: 16 fall, 1 fall-spring, and 5 winter. Recorded in two (2004, 2012) of the last 10 years.
[Cractes obscurus]
R, Permanent resident north-central and northeast.
R, Permanent resident northwest, local north-central and northeast.
R, Breeds mostly south, central, and west.
A, Eight records: 1 summer and 7 fall. Two additional records of Crotophaga sp. Last recorded 1995.
[Acanthis exilipes, Acanthis hornemanni exilipes, Acanthis hornemanni hornemanni, Carduelis hornemanni]
R, Rare winter visitant mostly north and central.
A, Former summer resident northwest. Last breeding record 1937. State designation: Endangered. Last recorded in 2002.
[Ammodramus nelsoni, Ammospiza caudacuta altera, Ammospiza caudacuta caudacuta, Ammospiza caudacuta diversa, Ammospiza caudacuta nelsoni, Ammospiza caudacuta subvirgata]
R, Breeds locally northwest and north-central. Migrant throughout. State designation: Special Concern.
[Passerherbulus henslowii henslowii, Passerherbulus henslowii susurrans]
Rr, Breeds very locally south and west. State designation: Endangered.
[Passerherbulus caudacutus]
R, Breeds mostly north. Migrant throughout.
[Ammodramus caudacutus, Ammospiza caudacuta altera, Ammospiza caudacuta caudacuta, Ammospiza caudacuta diversa, Ammospiza caudacuta nelsoni, Ammospiza caudacuta subvirgata]
R, Breeds locally northwest and north-central. Migrant throughout. State designation: Special Concern.
[Ammodramus passerinus]
R, Breeds throughout but absent northeast.
A, Seven records: 1 spring, 5 fall, and 1 fall-winter. Recorded in one (2007) of the last 10 years. Formerly Casual.
C, Former summer resident southwest and west-central. Last breeding record 1964. Recorded in 7 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
R, Migrant throughout. Winter visitant south and west.
Rr, Breeds locally and almost entirely in Clay County. State designation: Endangered.
Rr, Rare migrant mostly west.
[Cardinalis virginianus, Richmondena cardinalis, Richmondena cardinalis canicaudus, Richmondena cardinalis cardinalis, Richmondena cardinalis floridana, Richmondena cardinalis ignea, Richmondena cardinalis magnirostris, Richmondena cardinalis seftoni, Richmondena cardinalis superba]
R, Permanent resident throughout.
[Acanthis flammea (Linnaeus, 1758), Acanthis flammea flammea, Acanthis flammea holboellii, Acanthis flammea rostrata, Acanthis linaria, Carduelis liniaria]
R, Irruptive winter visitant mostly north and central.
[Acanthis exilipes, Acanthis hornemanni, Acanthis hornemanni exilipes, Acanthis hornemanni hornemanni]
R, Rare winter visitant mostly north and central.
[Spinus pinus macropterus, Spinus pinus pinus]
R, Breeds mostly north, irruptive breeder mostly east-central. Migrant and winter visitant throughout.
[Spinus tristis jewetti, Spinus tristis pallidus, Spinus tristis salicamans, Spinus tristis tristis]
R, Breeds throughout. Winter visitant mostly south and central.
A, One fall record (1987).
[Carpodacus amplus, Carpodacus frontalis, Carpodacus mcgregori]
R, Introduced in eastern North America. Permanent resident throughout except far northeast.
R, Breeds mostly north. Migrant and winter visitant throughout.
R, Breeds locally except northeast. State designation: Special Concern.
[Hesperiphona vespertina, Hesperiphona vespertina brooksi, Hesperiphona vespertina montana, Hesperiphona vespertina vespertina]
R, Permanent resident north-central and northeast, occasional irruptive winter visitant mostly north and central.
[Junco aikeni, Junco caniceps, Junco caniceps caniceps, Junco caniceps dorsalis, Junco insularis, Junco mearnsi, Junco montanus, Junco oreganus, Junco oreganus mearnsi, Junco oreganus montanus, Junco oreganus oreganus, Junco oreganus pinosus, Junco oreganus pontilis, Junco oreganus shufeldti, Junco oreganus thurberi, Junco oreganus townsendi, Junco townsendi]
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant and winter visitant throughout.
[Leucosticte arctoa tephrocotis Edwards]
C, Seventeen records: 3 spring, 2 fall, 1 fall-winter, 8 winter, and 3 winter-spring. Recorded in 6 of the last 10 years, most recently 2011.
R, Rare breeder. Irruptive migrant mostly north-central and northeast.
[Loxia bifasciata]
R, Rare breeder. Irruptive migrant mostly north-central and northeast.
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
[Melospiza cinerea, Melospiza fasciata]
R, Breeds throughout. Overwinters south.
[Ammodramus sandwichensis, Passerculus beldingi, Passerculus princeps, Passerculus rostratus]
R, Breeds throughout.
C, Forty-nine records: 40 spring, 1 spring-summer, 6 summer, and 2 fall. Recorded in 7 of the last ten years, most recently 2013.
C, Twenty-four records: 16 spring, 1 spring-summer, 1 spring-fall, 4 summer, and 2 fall. Recorded in 5 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
[Cyanocompsa cyanea]
R, Breeds throughout.
C, Twenty-six records: 18 spring, 1 spring-summer, 1 summer, 1 summer-fall, 4 fall, and 1 winter. Recorded in 5 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
R, Irruptive winter visitant mostly north.
[Oberholseria chlorura]
A, Five records: 2 spring, 1 fall-spring, and 2 winter. Recorded in one (2006) of the last 10 years.
[Pipilo carmani, Pipilo maculatus]
Rr, Rare migrant throughout. Rare summer and winter visitant.
[Pipilo carmani, Pipilo erythrophthalmus]
Rr, Rare migrant throughout. Rare summer and winter visitant.
[Passerina nivalis]
R, Migrant and winter visitant throughout.
R, Breeds throughout but rare northeast.
R, Breeds mostly south, irruptive breeder north.
[Spizella monticola, Spizelloides arborea (Wilson, A, 1810)]
R, Migrant throughout. Winter visitant south and central.
As, Three records: 1 summer and 2 fall. Recorded in one (2005) of the last 10 years.
[Spizella socialis]
R, Breeds throughout.
R, Breeds south and central.
R, Breeds mostly north. Migrant throughout, overwinters south.
[Zonotrichia coronata]
C, Nine records: 5 spring, 1 fall, 1 fall-winter, and 2 winter-spring. Recorded in 3 of the last 10 years, most recently 2012. Formerly Accidental.
[Zonotrichia gambelii, Zonotrichia nuttallii]
R, Migrant throughout.
[Falco aesalon, Falco merillus, Falco regulus]
R, Breeds mostly north. Migrant and winter visitant throughout.
Rr, Rare migrant mostly west.
[Falco japonensis, Falco kreyenborgi, Falco pelegrinoides]
R, Reintroduced. Breeds east. Migrant throughout. State designation: Special Concern.
[Falco gyrfalco, Hierofalco candicans]
C, Former Regular migrant and winter visitant, mostly north. Recorded in 7 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
R, Breeds throughout. Winter visitant mostly south.
A, One fall record (2007). Three additional fall records of Fregata sp.
[Acanthis flammea flammea, Acanthis flammea holboellii, Acanthis flammea rostrata, Acanthis linaria, Carduelis flammea, Carduelis liniaria]
R, Irruptive winter visitant mostly north and central.
A, Six records: 1 spring, 2 fall, 1 winter, and 2 winter-spring. Last recorded 2001.
R, Breeds mostly north. Migrant and winter visitant throughout.
R, Breeds mostly north, irruptive breeder mostly east-central. Migrant and winter visitant throughout.
A, Six records: 5 fall and 1 winter. One record (2005) in the last 10 years.
[Colymbus glacialis, Gavia imber]
R, Breeds north and central. Migrant throughout.
[Gavia arctica pacifica]
Rr, Rare migrant, primarily on Lake Superior in fall.
[Colymbus septentrionalis, Gavia lumme]
Rr, Rare migrant, primarily on Lake Superior in spring and early summer.
A, Former summer resident west. Ten records since 1900: 5 spring, 4 fall, and 1 undated. Recorded in two (2007, 2010) of the last 10 years. Reports of individuals from experimental Wisconsin population not included. Federal designation: Endangered.
[Antigone canadensis Linnaeus 1758, Grus mexicana, Grus pratensis]
R, Breeds north, central, and east. Migrant throughout.
[Hirundo erythrogaster, Hirundo gutturalis]
R, Breeds throughout.
R, Breeds throughout except northeast. State designation: Special Concern.
[Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis]
R, Breeds throughout.
[Iridoprocne bicolor]
R, Breeds throughout.
As, Two records: 1 summer (1990) and 1 fall (1942).
[Agelaius assimilis, Agelaius gubernator]
R, Breeds throughout. Overwinters south.
R, Rare summer resident northeast. Very few breeding records, last in 1986. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds throughout but rare far south. Migrant throughout.
[Icterus "galbula", Icterus abeillei, Icterus bullockii bullockii, Icterus bullockii parvus, Icterus galbula]
A, Two records: 1 spring (2013) and 1 fall-winter (1968).
[Icterus "galbula", Icterus abeillei, Icterus bullockii, Icterus bullockii bullockii, Icterus bullockii parvus]
A, Two records: 1 spring (2013) and 1 fall-winter (1968).
A, Four records: 2 spring, 1 spring-summer, and 1 fall. Recorded in one (2011) of the last 10 years.
[Icterus fuertesi]
R, Breeds south and west.
[Cassidix mexicanus, Cassidix mexicanus monsoni, Cassidix mexicanus nelsoni, Cassidix mexicanus prosopidicola]
Rr, Breeds locally southwest.
[Quiscalus versicolor]
R, Breeds throughout. Overwinters south.
R, Breeds east and central.
R, Breeds throughout but rare east-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
[Xanthocephalus longipes]
R, Breeds throughout but absent northeast. Migrant throughout.
[Lanius elegans, Lanius excubitor]
R, Migrant and winter visitant throughout.
[Lanius borealis, Lanius elegans]
R, Migrant and winter visitant throughout.
R, Breeds locally west and south. State designation: Endangered.
[Hydrochelidon nigra]
R, Breeds throughout except far northeast.
[Larus philadelphia]
R, Migrant throughout.
[Gelochelidon anglica, Gelochelidon nilotica aranea, Gelochelidon nilotica vanrossemi, Sterna nilotica]
A, One sighting. This sighting has yet to be been considered by MOURC.
[Hydroprogne tschegrava, Sterna caspia]
R, Breeds very locally north-central and central. Migrant throughout.
[Larus cachinnans]
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout and winter visitant.
C, Forty records: 18 spring, 4 summer, 16 fall, and 2 fall-winter. Recorded in 8 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
A, Three records: 2 fall and 1 winter. Last recorded 1998.
R, Breeds locally, mostly north. Migrant throughout.
Rr, Rare migrant, primarily on Lake Superior and in Twin Cities.
A, Five records: 1 spring, 2 fall-winter, and 2 winter. Recorded in two (2009, 2011) of the last 10 years.
[Larus leucopterus]
Rr, Rare migrant and winter visitant primarily on Lake Superior and in Twin Cities.
[Larus barrovianus, Larus glaucus, Larus nelsoni]
R, Migrant and winter visitant, primarily on Lake Superior and in Twin Cities.
Rr, Rare migrant and winter visitant, primarily on Lake Superior.
[Chroicocephalus philadelphia]
R, Migrant throughout.
C, Eight records: 1 spring, 1 summer-fall, 1 fall-winter, 4 winter, and 1 winter-spring. Recorded in 6 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013. Formerly Accidental.
[Larus alba, Larus eburnea, Pagophila alba]
A, Eleven records: 1 spring and 10 winter. Recorded in one (2008) of the last 10 years.
[Larus rosea]
A, Three records: 2 spring and 1 winter. Recorded in one (2007) of the last 10 years.
[Larus tridactyla, Larus tridactylus]
C, Thirty-nine records: 3 spring, 1 summer, 25 fall, and 10 winter. Recorded in 6 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
[Hydroprogne caspia, Hydroprogne tschegrava]
R, Breeds very locally north-central and central. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds mostly west, central, and south-central. Migrant throughout. State designation: Special Concern.
[Sterna fluviatilis]
R, Breeds locally north. Migrant throughout. State designation: Threatened.
[Gelochelidon anglica, Gelochelidon nilotica, Gelochelidon nilotica aranea, Gelochelidon nilotica vanrossemi]
A, One sighting. This sighting has yet to be been considered by MOURC.
[Sterna macrura]
C, Twenty-six records: 10 spring, 3 spring-summer, 6 summer, and 7 fall. Recorded in 5 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
[Larus sabini]
Rr, Rare fall migrant throughout. Formerly Casual.
R, Introduced in Minnesota. Permanent resident throughout, but absent far north.
Rr, Rare throughout in all seasons. Five breeding records.
A, Twelve records: 5 spring, 3 summer, 3 fall, and 1 winter-spring. Recorded in two (2004, 2009) of the last 10 years. Formerly Casual.
[Harporhynchus curvirostris]
A, Four records: 1 spring, 1 fall, 1 fall-winter, and 1 fall-spring. Recorded in one (2006) of the last 10 years.
[Harporhynchus rufus]
R, Breeds throughout.
[Anthus spinoletta rubescens Edwards 1986]
R, Migrant throughout; more common fall.
C, Former summer resident northwest. Last breeding record 1988. Recorded in 4 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013. State designation: Endangered.
R, Breeds mostly north-central, northeast, and east-central. Reintroduced in Twin Cities. Migrant throughout.
[Baeolophus atricristatus, Parus altricristatus atricristatus, Parus altricristatus dysleptus, Parus altricristatus paloduro, Parus altricristatus sennetti, Parus atricristatus, Parus bicolor]
Rr, Permanent resident southeast.
[Baeolophus atricristatus, Baeolophus bicolor, Parus altricristatus atricristatus, Parus altricristatus dysleptus, Parus altricristatus paloduro, Parus altricristatus sennetti, Parus atricristatus]
Rr, Permanent resident southeast.
R, Permanent resident throughout.
R, Permanent resident north-central and northeast.
R, Rare summer resident northeast. Migrant throughout. Two breeding records (1980, 2010).
Rr, Breeds locally northeast. Rare mostly fall migrant east.
R, Breeds locally northeast. Migrant throughout.
[Dendroica rara]
R, Breeds southeast and central. State designation: Special Concern.
[Dendroica auduboni, Dendroica auduboni auduboni, Dendroica auduboni memorabilis]
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
C, Twenty-seven records: 15 spring, 10 summer, and 2 fall. Recorded in 5 of the last 10 years, most recently 2009.
[Dendroica flavescens, Dendroica potomac]
C, Forty records: 20 spring, 6 spring-summer, 2 spring-fall, 1 summer, 2 summer-fall , 8 fall, and 1 winter. Two breeding records (2001, 2013). Recorded in 5 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
[Dendroica blackburniae]
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
A, Two spring records (1892, 1944). Federal designation: Endangered.
[Dendroica maculosa]
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
A, Seven records: 4 spring and 3 fall. Recorded in two (2005, 2010) of the last 10 years.
A, Two spring records (1931, 1983).
R, Breeds north-central and locally northeast. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds north, central, and east-central. Migrant throughout.
[Dendroica aestiva, Dendroica bryanti, Dendroica ruficapilla]
R, Breeds throughout.
[Dendroica vigorsii]
R, Breeds mostly north-central, northeast, and east-central. Migrant throughout but rare southwest.
[Dendroica breviunguis]
R, Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
A, Five records: 3 spring and 2 fall. Recorded in one (2004) of the last 10 years.
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout
Rr, Rare migrant and summer visitant south. One breeding record (1994).
R, Breeds north and east-central. Migrant throughout.
C, Sixty-two records: 56 spring, 2 summer, and 4 fall. Recorded in 4 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
Rr, Rare spring migrant and summer visitant, mostly west and south. Rarely breeds, most recently 2009.
R, Breeds north-central, northeast, and east-central. Migrant throughout.
[Setophaga picta, Setophaga picta picta]
As, One fall record (1992).
R, Breeds north-central and northeast except absent far northeast. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds locally northeast. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds mostly north and east-central. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds locally southeast, south-central, and east-central.
R, Breeds throughout but mostly absent far west and south-central. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds locally southeast, east-central, and south-central. State designation: Special Concern.
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds locally northeast. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
C, Forty records: 20 spring, 6 spring-summer, 2 spring-fall, 1 summer, 2 summer-fall , 8 fall, and 1 winter. Two breeding records (2001, 2013). Recorded in 5 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds north-central and locally northeast. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds north, central, and east-central. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds throughout, but rare southwest. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
A, Five records: 3 spring and 2 fall. Recorded in one (2004) of the last 10 years.
[Helminthophila chrysoptera]
R, Breeds mostly north and east-central. Migrant throughout.
[Helminthophaga cincinnatiensis, Helminthophaga lawrencii, Helminthophaga leucobronchialis, Helminthophila leucobronchialis, Helminthophila pinus, Vermivora leucobronchialis]
R, Breeds southeast and east-central.
R, Introduced in North America. Permanent resident throughout.
C, Introduced in North America. Nine records: 3 spring, 1 spring-summer, 2 summer, 1 summer-fall, 1 fall, and 1 winter. Recorded in 5 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
R, Breeds locally mostly west. Migrant throughout. State designation: Special Concern.
[Pelecanus californicus, Pelecanus fuscus, Pelecanus thagus]
C, Four records: 2 spring and 2 summer. Recorded in 4 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013. Formerly Accidental.
[Phalacrocorax dilophus]
R, Breeds throughout.
[Crymophilus fulicarius]
C, Seventeen records: 3 spring and 14 fall. Recorded in 5 of the last 10 years, most recently 2009.
[Lobipes lobatus]
R, Migrant throughout
R, Breeds locally west and central. Migrant throughout but rare in the northeast. State designation: Threatened.
[Colinus cubanensis, Colinus ridgwayi, Coturnix virginianus]
E, Former permanent resident south. All recent observations are likely of released or escaped birds.
R, Introduced in North America. Permanent resident south and west.
[Phasianus torquatus]
R, Introduced in North America. Permanent resident mostly south and central.
[Colaptes cafer, Colaptes cafer cafer, Colaptes cafer collaris, Colaptes cafer nanus, Colaptes cafer rufipileus, Colaptes chrysocaulorus, Colaptes chrysoides, Colaptes chrysoides brunnescens, Colaptes chrysoides chrysoides, Colaptes chrysoides mearnsi, Colaptes mexicanoides]
R, Breeds throughout.
R, Permanent resident throughout but rare southwest.
[Centurus carolinus carolinus, Centurus carolinus harpaceus, Centurus carolinus perplexus, Centurus carolinus zebra]
R, Permanent resident throughout but rare far north and absent far southwest.
R, Breeds throughout but absent northeast. Winters locally.
A, One fall record (2009).
[Melanerpes torquatus]
A, Four records: 2 spring, 1 fall-winter, and 1 winter-spring. Recorded in one (2013) of the last 10 years.
R, Permanent resident north-central and northeast. Irruptive winter visitant.
Rr, Rare permanent resident north-central and northeast.
[Dendrocopos pubescens gairdnerii, Dendrocopos pubescens glacialis, Dendrocopos pubescens leucurus, Dendrocopos pubescens medianus, Dendrocopos pubescens nelsoni, Dendrocopos pubescens pubescens, Dendrocopos pubescens turati]
R, Permanent resident throughout.
[Dendrocopos villosus audubonii, Dendrocopos villosus harrisi, Dendrocopos villosus hyloscopus, Dendrocopos villosus icastus, Dendrocopos villosus leucothorectis, Dendrocopos villosus monticola, Dendrocopos villosus orius, Dendrocopos villosus picoideus, Dendrocopos villosus septentrionalis, Dendrocopos villosus sitkensis, Dendrocopos villosus terraenovae, Dendrocopos villosus villosus]
R, Permanent resident throughout.
A, Three records: 2 spring and 1 fall. Last recorded 1999.
Rr, Rare migrant, mostly west. A few breeding records, all possibly involving hybrid pairings with Western Grebe (A. occidentalis).
R, Breeds west. Migrant throughout, but rare northeast.
R, Rarely breeds northwest. Migrant throughout. State designation: Endangered.
[Colymbus holboellii]
R, Breeds mostly north and central. Migrant throughout.
[Colymbus caspicus, Colymbus nigricollis, Podiceps caspicus, Podiceps caspicus californicus]
R, Breeds mostly west. Migrant throughout, but rare northeast.
A, One spring specimen record from Lake Superior (2017) which has yet to be be evaluated by MOURC.
R, Breeds northwest and north-central. Rare migrant throughout. State designation: Special Concern.
[Fulica columbiana]
R, Breeds throughout except northeast. Migrant throughout.
[Gallinula galeata, Gallinula garmani]
Rr, Breeds locally south. Declining. State designation: Special Concern.
[Gallinula chloropus, Gallinula garmani]
Rr, Breeds locally south. Declining. State designation: Special Concern.
[Creciscus coturniculus, Creciscus jamaicensis, Creciscus jamaicensis stoddardi, Porzana jamaicensis]
A, Seven records: 4 spring, 1 summer, and 2 fall. Last recorded 1979.
[Gallinula martinica, Porphyrula martinica]
A, Three records: 1 summer and 2 fall. Last recorded 1970.
[Rallus beldingi, Rallus levipes, Rallus obsoletus]
A, Former summer resident south. Last breeding record 1976. Last recorded 1992. State designation: Endangered.
[Rallus virginianus]
R, Breeds throughout.
[Himantopus knudseni, Himantopus melanurus]
C, Twenty-three records: 20 spring and 3 summer. Recorded in 8 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
R, Rare breeder west. Migrant mostly west.
[Arenaria morinella, Strepsilas collaris]
R, Migrant throughout.
A, One sighting. This sighting has yet to be been considered by MOURC.
[Calidris arenaria, Calidris leucophaea, Crocethia alba]
R, Migrant throughout.
[Erolia alpina alpina, Erolia alpina arctica, Erolia alpina pacifica, Erolia alpina schinzii, Tringa alpina]
R, Migrant throughout.
[Tringa bairdii]
R, Migrant throughout.
[Tringa canutus]
Rr, Rare migrant throughout.
[Ancylochilus subarquata, Calidris testacea, Erolia testacea]
A, Three spring records. Recorded in two (2004, 2006) of the last 10 years.
[Tringa fuscicollis]
R, Migrant throughout, primarily in spring.
[Micropalama himantopus]
R, Migrant throughout.
[Tringa maritima]
C, Seven records: 5 fall, 1 winter, and 1 spring. Recorded in 3 of the last 10 years, most recently 2012. Formerly Accidental.
[Ereunetes occidentalis]
C, Eight records: 4 spring, 1 summer, and 3 fall. Prior to status change from Regular to Accidental in 1988 there were numerous undocumented reports. Recorded in 3 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
[Actodromas maculata, Pisobia maculata, Tringa maculata]
R, Migrant throughout.
[Tringa minutilla]
R, Migrant throughout.
[Capella andina, Capella delicata, Capella gallinago delicata, Capella gallinago faeroeensis, Capella gallinago gallinago, Capella paraguiae, Gallinago gallinago]
R, Breeds throughout except far south. Migrant throughout.
[Capella andina, Capella delicata, Capella gallinago delicata, Capella gallinago faeroeensis, Capella gallinago gallinago, Capella paraguiae, Gallinago delicata]
R, Breeds throughout except far south. Migrant throughout.
[Macrorhamphus griseus]
R, Migrant throughout.
[Macrorhamphus scolopaceus]
R, Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds northwest, west-central, and central. Migrant mostly west. State designation: Special Concern.
R, Migrant mostly west, primarily in spring.
[Numenius longirostris]
A, Former summer resident. Twenty-five records since 1900: 18 spring, 3 summer, and 4 fall. Recorded in two (2005, 2008) of the last 10 years. Formerly Casual.
Es, Former spring migrant west. Last recorded 1886. Federal designation: Endangered.
[Numenius hudsonicus, Numenius variegatus, Phaeopus hudsonicus]
Rr, Rare migrant mostly on Lake Superior, primarily in spring.
C, Forty-six records: 27 spring, 9 summer, and 10 fall. Recorded in 5 of the last 10 years, most recently 2012.
[Philohela minor]
R, Breeds throughout except far south. Migrant throughout.
[Totanus melanoleucos]
R, Migrant throughout.
R, Migrant throughout. Former summer resident south and west.
R, Migrant throughout. Three breeding records (1973,1982, 2012)
[Tringa subruficollis]
R, Rare fall migrant throughout.
R, Permanent resident north-central, northeast, and east-central. Migrant and winter visitant throughout.
R, Permanent resident throughout.
Ao, One fall record (1996).
A, Ten records: 1 spring, 2 summer, and 7 fall. Recorded in two (2007, 2013) of the last 10 years. There are additional records of unidentified Stercorarius sp.
[Stercorarius crepidatus]
Rr, Rare migrant mostly in Duluth, primarily in fall. There are additional records of unidentified Stercorarius sp.
C, Twenty records: 1 spring, 1 summer, and 18 fall. Recorded in 5 of the last 10 years, most recently 2011. There are additional records of unidentified Stercorarius sp.
R, Permanent resident north-central and northeast. Rare breeder east-central and southeast. Migrant and winter visitant throughout.
[Cryptoglaux tengmalmi]
Rr, Permanent resident northeast; irruptive in winter mostly north. State designation: Special Concern.
[Asio accipitrinus, Asio domingensis, Asio portoricensis, Strix flammea]
R, Breeds northwest. Rare migrant throughout. State designation: Special Concern.
[Asio wilsonianus, Nyctalops wilsonianus]
R, Breeds throughout but absent southwest. Winter visitant throughout but rare north.
[Speotyto cunicularia, Speotyto cunicularia cunicularia, Speotyto cunicularia floridana, Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea]
C, Former summer resident southwest and west-central. Recorded in 7 of the last 10 years, most recently 2011. State designation: Endangered.
[Asio magellanicus, Bubo magellanicus]
R, Permanent resident throughout.
[Scotiaptex cinerea, Syrnium nebulosum]
R, Permanent resident north-central and northeast; irruptive in winter north.
R, Permanent resident throughout, but absent southwest.
R, Rare breeder northeast and northwest. Irruptive winter visitant mostly north.
R, Introduced in North America. Permanent resident throughout.
R, Breeds mostly south and central. Migrant throughout but rare far north.
R, Breeds northeast and north-central. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds northeast and north-central. Migrant throughout.
R, Permanent resident north and east.
[Canachites canadensis atratus, Canachites canadensis canace, Canachites canadensis canadensis, Canachites canadensis franklinii, Canachites canadensis osgoodi, Canachites franklinii]
R, Permanent resident far north.
[Lagopus scoticus]
A, Winter-spring invasion 1933
[Lagopus rupestris]
A, One spring record (1996).
[Tympanuchus americanus]
R, Breeds locally. Permanent resident west-central. Re-introductions ongoing west. State designation: Special Concern.
[Pedioecetes phasianellus, Pedioecetes phasianellus campestris, Pedioecetes phasianellus caurus, Pedioecetes phasianellus columbianus, Pedioecetes phasianellus jamesi, Pedioecetes phasianellus kennicotti, Pedioecetes phasianellus phasianellus]
R, Permanent resident mostly northwest, north-central, and east-central.
Rr, Rare migrant throughout.
[Piranga erythromelas]
R, Breeds throughout, but absent west-central and southwest. Migrant throughout.
Rr, Rare migrant throughout. Three breeding attempts, all mixed pairings with Scarlet Tanager (P. olivacea).
A, One spring record (1995).
[Plegadis guarauna, Plegadis mexicana]
Rr, Rare migrant mostly west and south. Two breeding records (1894, 1895). There are additional records of unidentified Plegadis sp.
[Plegadis autumnalis]
C, Seven spring records. Recorded in 4 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013. Formerly Accidental. There are additional records of unidentified Plegadis sp.
[Archilochus anna]
A, Four records: 2 fall, 1 fall-winter, and 1 winter. Recorded in one (2006) of the last 10 years.
[Archilochus costae]
A, One fall record (2003).
[Colibri cyanotus]
A, Two records: 1 summer (2004) and 1 summer-fall (2005).
[Eugenes spectabilis]
A, Three summer records. Last recorded 1994.
A, Fourteen records: 5 summer, 1 summer-fall, and 8 fall. Recorded in two (2009, 2013) of the last 10 years. Three additional records of Selasphorus sp.
A, One fall-winter record (1994).
[Telmatodytes palustris aestuarinus, Telmatodytes palustris dissaeptus, Telmatodytes palustris griseus, Telmatodytes palustris iliacus, Telmatodytes palustris marianae, Telmatodytes palustris paludicola, Telmatodytes palustris palustris, Telmatodytes palustris plesius, Telmatodytes palustris thryophilus, Telmatodytes palustris waynei]
R, Breeds throughout except the northeast.
[Cistothorus alticola, Cistothorus polyglottos, Cistothorus stellaris]
R, Breeds throughout.
[Salpinctes guttatus]
C, Twenty-seven records: 12 spring, 2 spring-summer, 1 spring-fall, 2 summer, and 10 fall. One breeding record (2004). Recorded in 5 of the last 10 years, most recently 2012.
[Thryomanes brevicauda, Troglodytes bewickii]
A, Fifty-three records since 1900: 26 spring, 6 spring-summer, 12 summer, 7 fall, and 2 undated. Two breeding records (1950, 1959). Last recorded 1998.
[Thryothorus albinucha]
Rr, Rare in all seasons. Occasionally breeds, mostly southeast.
[Troglodytes brunneicollis, Troglodytes brunneicollis vorhiesi, Troglodytes domesticus, Troglodytes intermedius, Troglodytes musculus]
R, Breeds throughout.
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
[Hylocichla fuscescens, Hylocichla fuscescens fuliginosa, Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens, Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola]
R, Breeds east and north. Migrant throughout.
[Catharus faxonis, Hylocichla guttata, Hylocichla guttata auduboni, Hylocichla guttata crymophila, Hylocichla guttata faxoni, Hylocichla guttata guttata, Hylocichla guttata nanus, Hylocichla guttata polionota, Hylocichla guttata sequoiensis, Hylocichla guttata slevini]
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
[Hylocichla aliciae, Hylocichla minima, Hylocichla minima bicknelli, Hylocichla minima minima]
R, Migrant throughout
[Hylocichla ustulata, Hylocichla ustulata clarescens, Hylocichla ustulata incana, Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni, Hylocichla ustulata ustulata]
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds mostly east and central.
Rr, Rare migrant and winter visitant throughout.
Rr, Rare migrant and winter visitant throughout.
[Saxicola oenanthe]
A, Four records: 1 spring and 3 fall. Recorded in two (2005, 2010) of the last 10 years.
[Sialia arctica]
Rr, Rare migrant throughout. One breeding record (1991); five mixed-pair breeding records with Eastern Bluebird (S. sialis).
[Merula confinis, Merula migratoria, Planestictus migratorius, Turdus confinis, Turdus propinquus]
R, Breeds throughout. Winter visitant throughout mostly south and central.
A, One fall record (1991)
[Contopus richardsonii, Myiochanes richardsonii]
A, Eight records: 1 spring-fall, 4 summer, and 3 fall. Two breeding records (1977, 2007), both involving an unidentified wood-pewee. Recorded in one (2007) of the last 10 years.
[Empidonax traillii alnorum]
R, Breeds north and central. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds northeast and north-central. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds south and west.
R, Breeds southeast and east-central. State designation: Special Concern.
A, Two fall records (1990, 2000).
[Pyrocephalus nanus]
A, Three fall records. Last recorded 1994.
Rr, Rare migrant and summer visitant mostly west. Two breeding records (2010, 2011). Formerly Casual.
[Muscivora forficata, Tyrannus forficata]
C, Eighty-four records: 32 spring, 26 summer, 1 summer-fall, 24 fall, and 1 undated. One breeding attempt (1997), a mixed-pairing with Western Kingbird (T. verticalis). Recorded in 8 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013.
A, One sighting. This sighting has yet to be been considered by MOURC.
[Milvulus tyrannus, Muscivora tyrannus, Muscivora tyrannus sanctaemartae, Muscivora tyrannus tyrannus]
A, Three records: 1 spring and 2 fall. Recorded in one (2009) of the last 10 years.
[Tyrannus intrepidus]
R, Breeds throughout.
R, Breeds mostly west and central. Migrant throughout.
A, One fall record (2012).
[Strix pratincola, Tyto perlata]
A, Former summer resident south and east-central. Last breeding record 1991. Recorded in two (2006, 2013) of the last ten years.
Rr, Breeds locally southeast and east-central. State designation: Special Concern.
[Vireosylvia propinqua]
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.
[Vireosylva josephae, Vireosylva leucophrys]
R, Breeds throughout.
[Vireo noveboracensis]
C, Fifty-four records: 34 spring, 1 spring-summer, 12 summer, 2 summer-fall, and 5 fall. Two breeding records (1991, 2001). Recorded in 8 of the last 10 years, most recently 2013. Formerly Regular.
[Vireo chivi, Vireo flavoviridis, Vireo virescens, Vireosylva chivi, Vireosylva flavoviridis]
R, Breeds throughout.
R, Rare breeder northeast. Migrant throughout.
R, Breeds north-central and northeast. Migrant throughout.