[Accipiter cooperii]
Cooper's Hawks are the only members of the genus Accipiter known to breed at Cedar Creek. They have nested in oaks along the north-south road, west of Fish Lake, north of 24 and Bataan, and just off the area, east of Durant. The birds seem to do their hunting at a considerable distance from the nest, since color-banded chickadees and Blue Jays with nests near a Cooper's Hawk nest were not taken. Cooper's Hawks are common migrants at Cedar Creek but are rarely present in winter. They were seen by visitors to the Fish Lake Trails in July and August 2017.
[Accipiter atricapillus, Accipiter palumbarius, Astur atricapillus, Astur palumbarius, Falco naevius]
Goshawks are reasonably common in some winters and in others are rare or absent. They are probably more likely to occur in the coniferous portions of Cedar Creek. A Goshawk was seen June 15, 1984 near the Peterson farm, the only summer record. There is no positive breeding evidence at Cedar Creek.
[Accipiter chionogaster, Accipiter erythronemius, Accipiter velox, Accipiter ventralis]
Sharp-shinned Hawks are common visitors to the area during migration, frequently harassing flocks of songbirds. Their hunting success at Cedar Creek is not good, as Howitz has seen Sharpshins dive on smaller birds at least three dozen times, succeeding only once. Sharpshins are uncommon in winter in the area, showing up most frequently near feeders at Cedar Creek and in the vicinity. There are no summer records to date. Jesse Beck saw a Sharpshin south of Fish Lake on September 22, 2017.
The only early records of Golden Eagles at Cedar Creek are March 15, 1973, October 8, 1975, February 9, 1979, September 2, 1979, February 2, 1985, and March 30, 1986. A Golden Eagle has been seen along the south shore of Fish Lake in the spring of recent years. Volunteer Mark Erikson got a picture of a golden eagle feeding on a wolf-killed deer carcass in the North Unit in early February 2020.
[Buteo borealis, Buteo harlani]
Red-tailed Hawks are a common and conspicuous breeding species at Cedar Creek. They are the most readily seen raptor in the Twin Cities area. They have nested near the laboratory and south of Fish Lake. Prior to the 1990s, Redtails have generally been uncommon to absent in the winter at Cedar Creek. Redtails since then have been more common at Cedar Creek in all months, including regular sightings in winter 2017/2018 near the Lindeman Center.
[Archibuteo lagopus, Buteo lagopus s.johannis]
Rough-legged Hawks are uncommon migrants and and common winter visitors at Cedar Creek. Jake Miller, Jim Krueger, and Ian Westray all observed Rough-legged Hawks near Fish Lake in January and February 2018.
Red-shouldered Hawks have apparently increased at Cedar Creek. Since the early 1980s they have been regular summer breeders and there are several winter records. They have nested near the north-south road and 26, and probably near Corneia's and Norris's cabins. Peter Makousky saw one on May 8, 2012. Aaron Ludwig saw another from the Fisk Lake Trails on March 10, 2018.
Broad-winged Hawks probably were the most common breeding hawk at Cedar Creek through the 1990s. They apparently have been less common since. They commonly have nested in the woods in the vicinity of the laboratory. Large numbers can be seen during migration. They were observed in July and September from the Fish Lake Nature Trail.
[Circus cyaneus]
Harriers are not common at Cedar Creek during the breeding season, though are frequently seen on migration. Fuller found a harrier nest in the marsh south of the 100 ft tower in 1973. No breeding evidence was noted in the 1980s, 1990s, or 2000s, but since 2010 harriers may have been nesting south of Fish Lake. Siah St. Clair and Jesse Beck observed a harrier unsuccessfully attempt to catch a juvenile Red-headed Woodpecker in summer 2017. Earl Bye saw one at Fish Lake in April 2018. Visitors to Fish Lake have seen harriers from March to July most years.
The only Swallow-tailed Kite recorded at Cedar Creek was seen by several observers on July 13, 1974.
Bald Eagles are common migrants at Cedar Creek, especially near Fish Lake. They feed on fish and scavenge carcasses of deer and smaller animals. There are numerous records from all seasons. Bald Eagles have increased wonderfully since DDT was banned. Eagles have nested in a large pine tree on the new Cedar Creek acquisition north of Fish Lake. Jake Miller observed one defending a nest on the west bank of the creek in March 2018. They may be the most frequently seen raptor at Cedar Creek, often seen by school groups circling over Cedar Bog Lake and Fish Lake.
[Sambucus canadensis var. acutiloba]
[Sambucus canadensis L., Sambucus canadensis var. canadensis L., Sambucus simpsonii Rehder ex Sarg.]
[Viburnum trilobum Marshall]
[Agaricus colubrinus var. colubrinus Pers., Agaricus columbinus Bull., Lepiota clypeolaria var. minor J.E. Lange, Lepiota clypeolaria var. ochraceosulfurescens Locq., Lepiota colubrina (Pers.) Gray, Lepiota colubrina var. colubrina (Pers.) Gray, Lepiota ochraceosulfurescens Locq.]
[Lycoperdon gemmatum var. perlatum (Pers.) Fr., Lycoperdon perlatum var. bonordenii (Massee) Perdeck, Lycoperdon perlatum var. perlatum Pers.]
[Otocoris alpestris]
Horned Larks are uncommon on the area itself, but are more common on adjacent farmland, where they presumably nest.
[Albatrellus albidus (Pers.) Gray, Boletus carinthiacus Pers., Boletus fragilis Pers., Boletus ovinus Schaeff., Caloporus ovinus (Schaeff.) Quél., Polyporus limonius Velen., Polyporus lutescens Pers., Polyporus ovinus (Schaeff.) Fr., Polyporus subsquamosus var. luteolus Beck, Scutiger ovinus (Schaeff.) Murrill]
[Ceryle alcyon, Megaceryle alcyon alcyon, Megaceryle alcyon caurina]
Belted Kingfishers are rather uncommon at Cedar Creek. A pair is frequently present on Fish Lake. Kingfishers have bred on or near the area. One wintered along Cedar Creek near 26 in 1986-7. A kingfisher has spent the winters of 1993-94, 94-95, and 95-96 and recent mild winters on Cedar Creek near 26.
[Alisma plantago-aquatica var. americana Schult., Alisma subcordatum var. superbum Lunell]
[Sagittaria graminea var. cristata (Engelm.) Bogin]
[Sagittaria latifolia var. obtusa (Engelmann) Wiegand]
[Amanitina brunnescens (G.F. Atk.) E.-J. Gilbert]
[Amplariella flavoconia (G.F. Atk.) E.-J. Gilbert, Venenarius flavoconius (G.F. Atk.) Murrill]
[Amanita vaginata var. fulva (Fr.) Gillet, Amanitopsis fulva (Fr.) W.G. Sm., Amanitopsis vaginata var. fulva (Fr.) Sacc.]
[Agaricus adnatus W.G. Sm., Agaricus gemmatus Fr., Amanita adnata (W.G. Sm.) Sacc., Amanita junquillea Quél., Amanita junquillea var. exannulata J.E. Lange, Amanita muscaria var. gemmata (Fr.) Quél., Amanitaria gemmata (Fr.) E.-J. Gilbert, Amanitopsis adnata (W.G. Sm.) Sacc., Amanitopsis gemmata (Fr.) Sacc., Venenarius gemmatus (Fr.) Murrill]
[Agaricus muscarius var. formosus (Pers.) Fr., Amanita muscaria f. formosa (Pers.) Gonn. & Rabenh.]
[Agaricus pantherinus DC., Amanita pantherina f. robusta A. Pearson, Amanitaria pantherina (DC.) E.-J. Gilbert]
[Agaricus rubescens var. rubescens (Pers.) Fr., Amanita rubescens var. alba Coker]
[Agaricus plumbeus Schaeff., Agaricus plumbeus var. plumbeus Schaeff., Agaricus vaginatus var. griseus DC., Amanita livida Pers., Amanita livida var. livida Pers., Amanita vaginata f. grisea (DC.) Veselý, Amanita vaginata f. livida (Pers.) E.-J. Gilbert, Amanita vaginata f. plumbea (Schaeff.) E.-J. Gilbert, Amanita vaginata f. violacea (Jacz.) Veselý, Amanita vaginata subsp. plumbea (Schaeff.) Konrad & Maubl., Amanita vaginata var. grisea (DC.) Quél. & Bataille, Amanita vaginata var. livida (Pers.) Gillet, Amanita vaginata var. plumbea (Schaeff.) Quél. & Bataille, Amanita vaginata var. vaginata (Bull.) Lam., Amanita vaginata var. violacea Pers., Amanita violacea Jacz., Amanitopsis albida (Bull.) S. Imai, Amanitopsis plumbea Rick, Amanitopsis vaginata (Bull.) Roze, Amanitopsis vaginata var. plumbea (Schaeff.) Konrad & Maubl., Amanitopsis vaginata var. violacea (Jacz.) E.-J. Gilbert, Vaginata livida (Pers.) Gray]
[Agaricus bulbosus f. vernus Bull., Agaricus vernus J. Otto, Agaricus virosus var. vernus (Bull.) Fr., Amanita phalloides var. verna (Bull.) Lanzi, Amanitina verna (Bull.) E.-J. Gilbert, Venenarius vernus (Bull.) Murrill]
[Agaricus virosus var. virosus Fr., Amanitina virosa (Fr.) E.-J. Gilbert]
[Chenopodium gigantospermum Aellen, Chenopodium hybridum L., Chenopodium hybridum var. gigantospermum (Aellen) Rouleau]
[Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott]
[Salsola iberica Sennen & Pau., Salsola kali L., Salsola kali subsp. tragus (L.) Čelak.]
[Rhus x pulvinata Greene]
Oak Savanna, Rhùs, ancient Greek and Latin name; glà-bra, glabrous
[Rhus hirta (L.) Sudw.]
Oak Savanna, Rhùs, ancient Greek and Latin name;ty-phì-na, like Typha, cattail, because of the velvety branches
[Rhus radicans L., Toxicodendron fothergilloides Lunell]
Oak Savanna
Wood Ducks are reasonably common on the small ponds at Cedar Creek during the breeding season. Their nesting success has usually not been very good, since from 1976-95, the only broods Howitz found were two in 1985, four in 1986, two in 1987, one in 1988, two in 1989, and one in 1990. The only other early records of broods are one in 1974 and one in 1984. In some years, Wood Ducks are abundant on ponds at Cedar Creek during the fall migration. Earl Bye saw one on Fish Lake in April 2018.
[Dafila acuta]
Pintails are rare to uncommon migrants at Cedar Creek.
Wigeons are uncommon migrants at Cedar Creek.
[Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus, 1758)]
Shovelers are uncommon migrants at Cedar Creek. Alex Sundvall saw one on Fish Lake in August 2017.
[Anas carolinensis, Nettion carolinense]
Green-winged Teal are fairly common migrants at Cedar Creek on Cedar Bog and Fish Lakes. A pair was present in a swamp adjacent to the area, just south of 26 and east of East Bethel Boulevard, during the breeding season in 1986, but did not nest successfully. A pair of Green-winged Teal wintered on the open water at Martin Lake in 1994-95.
Blue-winged Teal are reasonably common on small ponds at Cedar Creek during the breeding season, though breeding evidence is meager. A female laid 7 eggs in a nest along the western edge of the Allison Savannah woods in 1986, but later abandoned it. Six were seen by visitors to Fish Lake in May 2012. They were also observed by Earl Bye on Fish Lake in April 2018.
[Anas boschas, Anas diazi, Anas diazi novimexicana, Anas oustaleti]
Mallards nest near many of the ponds at Cedar Creek, and are the most common breeding waterfowl there. Nesting success is apparently very low, since few broods are seen relative to the number of adults. Two broods were east of the Peterson farm in 1986 and two broods were on Fish Lake in 1988 and 1989, and one in 1990. The only winter records are for birds on Cedar Creek north of the 26 bridge on December 16, 1989 and in the same spot in December 1993 and 1995.
[Anas obscura]
Black Ducks are uncommon migrants at Cedar Creek, but hybrids with Mallards are relatively common in the area.
Gadwalls are rare to uncommon migrants at Cedar Creek.
A White-fronted Goose was present in the Beckman Lake area from April to June 1982.
[Chen atlantica, Chen caerulescens, Chen hyperborea atlantica, Chen hyperborea hyperborea, Chen hyperboreus]
Snow Geese are uncommon migrants at Cedar Creek, seen flying over the area.
Lesser Scaup are probably the most common duck at Cedar Creek during migration. Large numbers of them use Fish Lake as a stopover. They are readily viewed from the Fish Lake Nature Trail in spring.
Redheads are uncommon visitors to Fish Lake during migration. One was seen on Fish Lake in April 2015 by visitor Alan Selin.
Ring-necked Ducks are common on Fish Lake during migration. A pair or two is generally present on Fish Lake during the summer, and in 1984 a pair was on Beckman Lake during the summer. There is no positive breeding evidence. They were frequently seen in the spring of 2012 and 2015 by visitors to Fish Lake, as well as in September 2017.
Canvasbacks are uncommon on Fish Lake during migration.
[Branta hutchinsii, Branta minima]
Canada Geese are common during migration on the small ponds at Cedar Creek. The first three recorded broods at Cedar Creek were in 1987 on Fish Lake. Canada Geese have had broods on Fish Lake in 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1995. Canada Geese markedly increased at Cedar Creek in the 1990s. They have nested on muskrat and beaver lodges in the marshes southwest of Fish Lake. Four geese were on Cedar Creek at 26 on December 17, 1995, the only winter record. With hundreds of Canada Geese nesting and wintering in the Twin Cities area, they could be present at Cedar Creek in any season, although they are most regularly seen from March to October.
Buffleheads are common on Fish and Cedar Bog Lakes and on ponds at Cedar Creek during migration.
[Clangula clangula]
Goldeneyes are among the earliest ducks to return to the Cedar Creek area in the spring. They have been seen on Cedar Creek and Fish Lake.
Trumpeter Swans were essentially extirpated from Minnesota. The first Cedar Creek evidence of successful reintroduction was three Trumpeter Swans on Fish Lake seen regularly through the summer and fall of 1989. Swans have nested regularly since then. The swans typically nest in the deep-water marsh east of Field D or in the large marsh on the west shore of Fish Lake. They are reliably seen on and around Fish Lake from March to October.
In some years, Tundra Swans use Fish Lake as a major migratory stopover in the spring, and the lake is a sea of white. Even in years when they do not land, many large flocks fly over the area.
[Mergus cucullatus]
Hooded Mergansers are common migrants on Cedar Creek ponds and lakes. Though there are no breeding records, these secretive ducks could be breeding at Cedar Creek without being noticed. They were most recently documented by visitors to Fish Lake in Spring 2016.
[Mergus americanus, Mergus mexicanus]
Common Mergansers visit Fish Lake before the ice is completely out in the spring.
Red-breasted Mergansers also visit Fish Lake as the ice is withdrawing from the lake.
[Oxyura ferruginea]
Ruddy Ducks are rare at Cedar Creek.
[Zizia cordata W.D.J. Koch ex DC.]
[Apocynum cannabinum var. hypericifolium (Aiton) A. Gray, Apocynum cannabinum var. pubescens (Mitchell ex R. Br.) Woodson, Apocynum pubescens Mitchell ex R. Br., Apocynum sibiricum Jacquin, Apocynum sibiricum var. cordigerum (Greene) Fernald]
[Acerates viridiflora (Raf.) Eaton, Acerates viridiflora var. lanceolata A.Gray, Acerates viridiflora var. linearis A. Gray]
Chimney Swifts are rarely seen at Cedar Creek and are not known to nest in the vicinity. The last observation was by Matt Dufort on June 9, 2012.
[Nemopanthus mucronatus (L.) L. Loesener]
[Hydrophace minor (L.) Bubani, Lemna rwandensis De Sloover, Lenticula palustris Garsault, Lenticula vulgaris L., Lenticularia monorhiza Montandon]
[Hydrophace trisulca (L.) Bubani, Lenticula ramosa Lam., Lenticula trisulca (L.) Scop., Staurogeton trisculus (L.) Schur]
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG & Indonesia; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: aquatic; verified by: A. Hay; reference: none; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753
Upland-Conifer Forest, Ginseng Family
[Aralia quinquefolia (L.) Decne. & Planch.]
Great Egrets at Cedar Creek have been reported since the 1980s. They can be common on Fish Lake or Beckman Lake, especially in the late summer. Jake Olbrich observed one on April 29, 2015.
[Ardea herodias sancti-lucae, Ardea occidentalis occidentalis, Ardea occidentralis]
Great Blue Herons do not breed at Cedar Creek but feed in the lakes and ponds there, and are reasonably common. A Great Blue Heron was in Cedar Creek near 56 on December 21, 1986, the only winter record. Visitors to Fish Lake in recent years normally see them between May and August.
American Bitterns were generally present in the large marshes near Fish Lake and the marsh east of the north-south road through the 1980s. A nest was found on June 5, 1973 in a marsh west of Fish Lake. Records of bitterns and other marsh birds have declined in recent years. However, one was seen by a visitor to Fish Lake on May 14, 2017.
[Ardeola ibis, Bubulcus coromandus, Bubulcus lucidus]
The only record of a Cattle Egret at Cedar Creek was a bird in breeding plumage Howitz saw on the east shore of Fish Lake on June 1, 1989.
[Ardea scapularis, Ardea virescens, Butorides atricapilla, Butorides brevipes, Butorides javanica, Butorides rogersi, Butorides striatus, Butorides virescens anthonyi, Butorides virescens frazari, Butorides virescens virescens]
Green Herons have nested successfully along the east shore of Beckman Lake, and may also nest along the east shore of Fish Lake. They are also commonly found along Cedar Bog Lake. Jesse Beck and Alex Sundvall observed one on different days in July 2017.
[Botaurus exilis, Ixobrychus erythromelas]
Least Bitterns are present, at least in some years, in the large marsh between East Bethel Boulevard and Fish Lake and may breed there. In 1994 and 1995 at least one was present near the dock on Cedar Bog Lake. On August 23, 2017, a Least Bittern was photographed by Kari Skoog on the boardwalk on the Fish Lake Nature trail.
[Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti, Nyctanassa violacea violacea, Nycticorax violaceus]
The only Cedar Creek record for a Yellow-crowned Night-Heron is a bird seen near Cedar Bog Lake on May 8, 1976.
The only record of a Black-crowned Night-Heron at Cedar Creek is one seen at the public access on the east shore of Fish Lake on June 3, 1985. This rarity is surprising since the birds are fairly common in the Twin Cities area.
[Achillea fusca Rydberg, Achillea lanulosa Nuttall, Achillea lanulosa var. arachnoides Lunell, Achillea millefolium f. millefolium, Achillea millefolium subsp. atrotegula B. Boivin, Achillea millefolium var. parvula B. Boivin]
[Eupatorium rugosum Houtt.]
[Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior (L.) Descourt., Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. paniculata (Michx.) Blank., Ambrosia elatior L.]
[Ambrosia coronopifolia Torr. & A. Gray, Ambrosia psilostachya var. californica (Rydb.) S.F. Blake]
[Anaphalis margaritacea var. angustior (Miq.) Nakai, Anaphalis margaritacea var. intercedens H. Hara, Anaphalis margaritacea var. revoluta Suksdorf, Anaphalis margaritacea var. subalpina A. Gray]
[Antennaria angustiarum Lunell, Antennaria campestris Rydb., Antennaria chelonica Lunell, Antennaria lunellii Greene]
[Antennaria aprica Greene, Antennaria aureola Lunell, Antennaria aureola var. roseata Lunell, Antennaria rhodantha Suksdorf]
[Artemisia caudata Michaux]
[Artemisia dracunculina S. Watson, Artemisia glauca Pallas, Artemisia graveolens Rydberg]
[Bidens cernua var. dentata (Nutt.) B. Boivin, Bidens cernua var. minima (Huds.) Pursh, Bidens cernua var. oligodonta Fernald & H. St. John]
[Bidens connata f. lakelae Sherff, Bidens connata var. ambiversa Fassett, Bidens connata var. gracilipes Fernald]
[Bidens coronata Britton]
[Cirsium arvense var. mite Wimm. & Grab.]
[Cirsium abyssinicum Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich., Cnicus lanceolatus (L.) Willd., Cnicus lanceolatus var. abyssinicus (Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich.) Vatke]
[Erigeron bellidifolius Muhl. ex Willd.]
[Stenactis strigosa (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC.]
[Euthamia camporum Greene, Euthamia camporum var. tricostata Lunell, Euthamia graminifolia var. graminifolia, Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb., Solidago graminifolia var. major (Michx.) Fernald, Solidago graminifolia var. nuttallii (Greene) Fernald, Solidago hirtella (Greene) Bush]
[Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob., Eupatorium maculatum L., Eupatorium purpureum var. maculatum (L.) Darl.]
[Adventina ciliata Raf., Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S.F. Blake, Galinsoga parviflora var. hispida DC., Galinsoga urticifolia (Kunth) Benth., Wiborgia urticifolia Kunth]
[Helianthus borealis E. Watson, Helianthus giganteus f. verticillatus Lakela, Helianthus giganteus var. subtuberosus Britton, Helianthus membranaceus E. Watson, Helianthus subtuberosus (Britton) Britton]
[Helianthus laetiflorus Pers.]
[Helianthus laetiflorus var. rigidus (Cass.) Fernald, Helianthus rigidus (Cass.) Desf.]
[Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt. ex DC.]
[Hieracium canadense Michx., Hieracium kalmii L., Hieracium minneapolitanum Gandoger, Hieracium scabriusculum Schwein.]
[Hieracium cynthioides Greene]
[Lactuca tatarica var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung, Mulgedium pulchellum (Pursh) G. Don]
[Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L., Chrysanthemum leucanthemum var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte]
[Lacinaria scariosa var. brachiata Lunell, Lacinaria scariosa var. chandonnetii Lunell, Lacinaria scariosa var. intermedia Lunell, Lacinaria scariosa var. nictitans Lunell, Lacinaria scariosa var. obesa Lunell, Lacinaria scariosa var. petiolata Lunell, Lacinaria scariosa var. porrecta Lunell, Lacinaria scariosa var. praecellens Lunrll, Lacinaria scariosa var. praesignis Lunell, Lacinaria scariosa var. propinqua Lunell, Lacinaria scariosa var. strictissima Lunell, Lacinaria scariosa var. superscandens Lunell]
[Lygodesmia juncea var. racemosa Lunell]
[Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb., Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter]
[Senecio aureus L., Senecio aureus var. gracilis (Pursh) Hooker]
[Packera paupercula var. pseudotomentosa (Mack. & Bush) R.R. Kowal, Packera paupercula var. savannarum R.R. Kowal, Senecio pauperculus Michx., Senecio pauperculus var. firmifolius (Greenm.) Greenm., Senecio pauperculus var. pauperculus]
[Senecio plattensis Nutt.]
[Nabalus albus (L.) Hook.]
[Nabalus racemosus (Michx.) DC.]
[Gnaphalium obtusifolium L.]
[Rudbeckia flava T.V. Moore]
[Solidago canadensis var. salebrosa (Piper) M.E. Jones]
[Solidago dumentorum Lunell, Solidago gigantea var. leiophylla Fernald, Solidago serotina Aiton, non Retz.]
[Solidago hispida var. arnoglossa Fernald]
[Solidago glaberrima M. Martens, Solidago inornata Lunell, Solidago missouriensis var. fasciculata Holz.]
[Oligoneuron rigidum var. rigidum (L.) Small]
[Solidago humilis Banks, Solidago humilis var. abbei B. Boivin]
[Aster borealis (Torr. & A. Gray) Prov., Aster junciformis Rydb.]
[Aster ciliolatus Lindl., Aster ciliolatus f. comatus (Fernald) Fernald, Aster lindleyanus Torr. & A. Gray, Aster saundersii Burgess]
[Aster chelonicus Lunell, Aster hesperius A. Gray, Aster jacobaeus Lunell, Aster lanceolatus Willd., Aster paniculatus Lam.]
[Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britton]
[Aster ontarionis Wiegand]
[Aster azureus Lindl., Aster oolentangiensis Riddell]
[Aster longifolius Lam., Aster longifolius f. pallens John W. Moore, Aster puniceus L.]
[Aster sericeus Vent., Virgulus sericeus (Vent.) Reveal & Keener]
[Aster urophyllus Lindl. ex DC.]
[Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC.]
[Taraxacum vulgare Schrank]
[Tragopogon lamottei Rouy]
[Tremella glandulosa Bull., Tremella nigricans var. glandulosa (Bull.) Bull., Tremella rubra J.F. Gmel., Tremella spiculosa Pers.]
[Clavaria petersii Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Clavaria pyxidata Pers., Clavicorona coronata (Schwein.) Doty, Clavicorona pyxidata (Pers.) Doty, Merisma pyxidatum (Pers.) Spreng.]
[Agaricus cochleatus Secr., Agaricus cochleatus var. cochleatus Pers., Agaricus cochleatus var. cornucopioides (Bolton) Pers., Agaricus cornucopioides Bolton, Clavicorona dryophila Maas Geest., Clitocybe cochleata (Pers. ex Hoffm.) P. Kumm., Lentinellus cochleatus var. inolens (Konrad & Maubl.) M. Holden, Lentinellus cornucopioides (Bolton) Murrill, Lentinellus marcelianus P.-A. Moreau & P. Roux, Lentinus cochleatus Fr., Lentinus cornucopioides Klotzsch, Lentinus friabilis Fr., Lentinus umbellatus Fr., Omphalia cochleata (Pers.) Gray, Omphalia cochleata var. cornucopioides (Bolton) Gray, Pocillaria cochleata (Pers.) Kuntze, Pocillaria friabilis (Fr.) Kuntze]
[Impatiens biflora Walter]
[Calodon caeruleus (Hornem.) P. Karst., Calodon cyaneotinctus (Peck) Snell, Calodon ferrugipes (Coker) Snell, Hydnellum alachuanum (Murrill) Coker & Beers, Hydnellum cyaneotinctum (Peck) Banker, Hydnellum ferrugipes Coker, Hydnellum inquinatum Banker, Hydnum alachuanum (Murrill) Murrill, Hydnum caeruleum Hornem., Hydnum cyaneotinctum Peck, Hydnum suaveolens var. caeruleum (Hornem.) Fr., Sarcodon alachuanus Murrill]
[Calodon fasciatus (Peck) Pat., Calodon zonatus (Batsch) P. Karst., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Hydnellum parvum Banker, Hydnellum queletii (Fr.) P. Karst., Hydnellum scrobiculatum f. parvum (Banker) D. Hall & D.E. Stuntz, Hydnellum scrobiculatum var. zonatum (Batsch) K.A. Harrison, Hydnellum subsuccosum K.A. Harrison, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas Geest., Hydnellum vespertilio (Berk.) Banker, Hydnellum zonatum (Batsch) P. Karst., Hydnellum zonatum f. vespertilio (Berk.) Coker & Beers, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnum concrescens subsp. concrescens Pers., Hydnum cyathiforme var. zonatum (Batsch) Schrad., Hydnum fasciatum Peck, Hydnum queletii Fr., Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnum vespertilio Berk., Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Phaeodon zonatus (Batsch) J. Schröt., Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker]
[Calodon amicus (Quél.) Quél., Hydnellum amicum (Quél.) Ragab, Hydnum amicum Quél., Hydnum confluens Pers., Hydnum vellereum Peck, Phellodon amicus (Quél.) Banker, Phellodon vellereus (Peck) Banker, Sarcodon amicus (Quél.) Quél.]
[Calodon niger (Fr.) Quél., Hydnellum cinereum (Bull.) P. Karst., Hydnellum nigrum (Fr.) P. Karst., Hydnum cinereum (Batsch) Pers., Hydnum nigrum Fr., Hydnum nigrum var. nigrum Fr., Hydnum suberosum var. cinereum Batsch]
[Betula lutea Michx. f.]
Upland-Conifer Forest, Birch Family
Oak Savanna or Upland-Conifer Forest, Bé-tu-la, ancient Latin name; pa-py-rí-fe-ra, bearing paper, Birch Family
[Betula glandulifera (Regel) B.T. Butler, Betula pumila var. glandulifera Regel]
[Corylus americana var. indehiscens Bush]
Oak Savanna or Upland-Conifer Forest, Có-ry-lus, the ancient name, perhaps from the Greek corys, a helmet, for the shape of the involucre around the nut; a-me-ri-cà-na, American
Upland-Conifer Forest, Birch Family
Oak Savanna, Ós-try-a, ancient Greek name for a tree with very hard wood, vir-gi-ni-àn-a, Virginian
[Tubiporus pulverulentus (Opat.) S. Imai, Xerocomus pulverulentus (Opat.) E.-J. Gilbert]
[Boletus lignicola Kallenb., Gyrodon lignicola (Kallenb.) Heinem., Phlebopus lignicola (Kallenb.) M.M. Moser, Pulveroboletus lignicola (Kallenb.) E.A. Dick & Snell, Xerocomus lignicola (Kallenb.) Singer]
[Boletus cinereus Krombh., Boletus strobilaceus Scop., Boletus strobiliformis Cumino, Strobilomyces floccopus (Vahl) P. Karst., Strobilomyces strobiliformis Beck]
[Boletus alutarius Rostk., Boletus felleus Bull., Boletus felleus var. minor Coker & Beers, Tylopilus alutarius (Fr.) Rea, Tylopilus felleus var. alutarius (Fr.) P. Karst., Tylopilus felleus var. felleus (Bull.) P. Karst., Tylopilus felleus var. minor (Coker & Beers) Pilát & Dermek, Tylopilus felleus var. uliginosus A.H. Sm. & Thiers]
Cedar Waxwings are common breeding birds at Cedar Creek. They commonly nest near the laboratory, in the oak savannas, Allison Savanna, and in residential areas adjacent to the CCESR. They have nested semicolonially in the coniferous windbreaks along East Bethel Boulevard. Waxwings frequently feed by flycatching at Cedar Creek, especially on the superabundant dragonflies emerging from Fish Lake. Waxwing fledging success at Cedar Creek is apparently poor. Their nests frequently are poorly camouflaged and they nest in areas where crows and jays are abundant. Waxwings are rare in the winter at Cedar Creek, probably because of the scarcity of fruit.
Bohemian Waxwings are irregular visitors to the Cedar Creek area. There are records from the winters of 1985-86, 1986-87, and 1987-88. There are no records since the 1980s.
[Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop.]
[Arabis divaricarpa A. Nelson]
[Cardamine rhomboidea (Pers.) DC.]
[Erysimum syrticola Sheld.]
[Lepidium apetalum Willd., Lepidium densiflorum var. macrocarpum G.A. Mulligan, Lepidium neglectum Thell.]
[Nasturtium nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) H. Karst., Radicula nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Britten & Rendle, Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek]
[Rorippa hispida (Desv.) Britt., Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre L.]
[Radicula palustris (L.) Moench, Rorippa hispida var. glabrata Lunell, Rorippa islandica (Oeder ex Murray) Borbás, Rorippa islandica var. fernaldiana Butters & Abbe, Rorippa islandica var. islandica, Rorippa palustris subsp. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Jonsell, Rorippa palustris var. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Stuckey]
[Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler]
[Sisymbrium officinale var. leiocarpum DC.]
[Brasenia purpurea (Michx.) Casp., Hydropeltis purpurea Michx.]
[Passerina nivalis]
Snow Buntings are uncommon winter visitors at Cedar Creek, occurring in large flocks in the fields along the county roads.
[Campanula heterodoxa C. Agardh ex A. Roem. & Schult., Campanula rotundifolia f. cleistocodons Farw., Campanula rotundifolia var. intercedens (Witasek) Farw.]
Coyotes can commonly be heard or seen at Cedar Creek and are regularly documented throughout the property. In winter 2016/2017, Jim Krueger collected photos of a three-legged coyote on his trail cameras in the northern part of the property. Population seems to be decreasing, perhaps in conjunction with the influx of wolves. Multiple family groups – at least 3, according to Jim Krueger.
With the increasing population of gray wolves in Minnesota, it is always possible that a few are passing through or in residence at Cedar Creek ESR. Wolves denned on the property in 2015 and have been regularly passing through but not denning onsite since.
Gray foxes are not as common as red foxes at Cedar Creek ESR. Grays prefer woodland areas, often climbing into small trees to hunt. For two years during Dave Bosanko’s tenure, there was a den just behind the main lab and the students enjoyed watching the kits come out to play in the yard. In fall/winter 2016 and fall 2017, the Cedar Creek Wildlife Survey found tracks from at least one gray fox in the new bison area. Jim Krueger regularly captures photos of them in the south units.
Some years, red foxes are seen frequently at Cedar Creek ESR and in others there seem to be almost none around and almost no tracks are to be seen in the snow. Red fox prints were regularly documented by the Cedar Creek Wildlife Survey in 2016 and 2017 south of Fish Lake and throughout the northern half of the property, and red foxes are often caught on trail cameras in the north unit.
[Cannabis indica Lam., Cannabis sativa var. indica (Lam.) E. Small & Cronquist]
[Agaricus alectorolophoides Schaeff., Agaricus chantarellus L., Alectorolophoides cibarius (Fr.) anon., Cantharellus alborufescens (Malençon) Papetti & S. Alberti, Cantharellus cibarius f. neglectus M. Souché, Cantharellus cibarius subsp. flavipes R. Heim, Cantharellus cibarius subsp. nanus R. Heim, Cantharellus cibarius subsp. umbrinus R. Heim, Cantharellus cibarius var. albidus Maire, Cantharellus cibarius var. alborufescens Malençon, Cantharellus cibarius var. albus Maire, Cantharellus cibarius var. bicolor Maire, Cantharellus cibarius var. cibarius Fr., Cantharellus cibarius var. flavipes (R. Heim) Corner, Cantharellus cibarius var. nanus (R. Heim) Corner, Cantharellus cibarius var. neglectus (M. Souché) Sacc., Cantharellus cibarius var. pallidus R. Schulz, Cantharellus cibarius var. rufipes (Gillet) Cooke, Cantharellus cibarius var. salmoneus L. Corb., Cantharellus cibarius var. umbrinus (R. Heim) Corner, Cantharellus edulis Sacc., Cantharellus neglectus (M. Souché) Eyssart. & Buyck, Cantharellus rufipes Gillet, Cantharellus vulgaris Gray, Chanterel alectorolophoides (Schaeff.) Murrill, Chanterel chantarellus (L.) Murrill, Craterellus cibarius (Fr.) Quél., Merulius alectorolophoides (Schaeff.) J.F. Gmel., Merulius chantarellus (L.) Scop., Merulius cibarius (Fr.) Westend.]
[Lonicera villosa var. tonsa Fernald]
Whip-poor-wills are reasonably common breeding birds at Cedar Creek. They have nested in an aspen grove near the southwest border of Cedar Creek in the 1970s, in 1985 beneath the aspens along the marsh north of 76, in 1986 west of the lab near 24, in 1986 in the oak woods along East Bethel Boulevard, in 1989 along the trail to Beckman Lake, and in 2017 in the woods west of East Bethel Boulevard. They were seen and heard along East Bethel Boulevard and behind the Icon House in the summers of 2016 and 2017.
[Chordeiles virginianus]
Nighthawks are common to abundant migrants at Cedar Creek. They are much less common in the summer, and there is no positive breeding evidence. Nighthawks commonly use downed branches in the burn units as daytime roosts during spring and fall migration.
[Cardinalis virginianus, Richmondena cardinalis, Richmondena cardinalis canicaudus, Richmondena cardinalis cardinalis, Richmondena cardinalis floridana, Richmondena cardinalis ignea, Richmondena cardinalis magnirostris, Richmondena cardinalis seftoni, Richmondena cardinalis superba]
Cardinals are uncommon at Cedar Creek, but are much more likely in adjacent residential areas. Cardinals have been increasing in the Cedar Creek area in parallel with increases elsewhere in the state.
[Cyanocompsa cyanea]
Indigo Buntings are abundant in the considerable edge habitat at Cedar Creek. Buntings are also common in the burned savannah areas, using the surviving hazelnut, poison-ivy, or blackberries as nesting cover. Males continue to sing late into the summer.
Rose-breasted Grosbeaks are common at Cedar Creek in wooded areas with considerable understory, nesting in such species as hazelnut, alder, and small oaks.
A male Western Tanager in breeding plumage was reported near Cedar Bog Lake on August 8, 1989.
[Piranga erythromelas]
Scarlet Tanagers are a common and conspicuous breeding species at Cedar Creek, especially in the oak woods. Tanager numbers at Cedar Creek appear to have increased in the 1980's, a surprising development given the habitat destruction on their Latin American wintering grounds. At Cedar Creek, tanager nests are generally on a horizontal oak limb far from the trunk, with no shrubs directly underneath the nest.
Dickcissels were seen during the summer in the early 1970's sitting on wires near the duck pens, and in the summer of 1988 along 56, and on June 11, 1992 north of 76. In some years, they apparently are absent, but in other years are common and widespread. Many Dickcissels were in the burn unit fields in 2012, along with the Henslow’s Sparrows.
status: not endemic; distribution: not evaluated; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: none; reference: none; expert comment: none; basionym published: year not recorded
[Arenaria lateriflora L.]
[Silene antirrhina fo. deaneana Fernald]
[Atocion armeria (L.) Raf.]
[Lychnis alba Mill., Silene pratensis (Raf.) Gren. & Godr.]
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: Drinkell; reference: FM vol. 16 - 2002 p.42; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1789
[Stellaria atrata (J.W. Moore) B. Boivin, Stellaria atrata var. eciliata B. Boivin]
[Alsine media L.]
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG & Indonesia; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: Drinkell; reference: FM Portal; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753
Beavers historically could be found in most of the open water on the property, although they are found less frequently now. Jim Krueger has seen them in Beckman Lake, Fish Lake and the Creek. Visitors and citizen scientists occasionally document beaver sign on the south side of Fish Lake.
Turkey Vultures apparently do not breed near Cedar Creek, but regularly fly over the area during the spring, summer, and fall. Large flocks as well as solitary individuals are regularly seen near roadkill along the property boundaries.
[Euonymus atropurpurea Jacq.]
[Parnassia palustris subsp. neogaea (Fernald) Hultén, Parnassia palustris var. neogaea Fernald]
[Ceratophyllum demersum f. missionis (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear, Ceratophyllum demersum var. inflatum R.E. Fr., Ceratophyllum missionis Wight & Arn.]
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG & Indonesia; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: aquatic; verified by: Walsingham; reference: POWOP/IPNI/WCSP; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753
[Certhia familiaris albescens, Certhia familiaris americana, Certhia familiaris leucosticta, Certhia familiaris montana, Certhia familiaris nigrescens, Certhia familiaris occidentalis, Certhia familiaris zelotes]
Brown Creepers are common spring and fall migrants. The only summer records are a family group by Hernando's cabin July 7, 1979, a single bird on June 5, 1985, a singing male in June 2014 west of gate 7, and two creepers in burn unit 506 in July 2017. Few if any creepers winter at Cedar Creek in most winters.
White-tailed deer are abundant and common at Cedar Creek ESR. For many years (esp. in 1980s and 1990s), a large number of deer wintered in the Cedar Bog establishing the most southerly winter deer yard in the state. That yarding phenomenon has broken down in recent years, but deer tracks, beds and sign can regularly be found throughout the property.
[Aegialites vocifera, Oxyechus vociferus]
Killdeer are relatively uncommon at Cedar Creek. They are more common in adjacent agricultural areas. A pair nested successfully near the southwest corner of Allison Savannah in 1986. At Cedar Creek, Killdeer are most likely in old fields with sparse vegetation. In summer 2016 and 2017, Killdeer nested in some of the higher diversity BigBio plots and adults were noted regularly in the FAB1 plots.
[Helianthemum bicknellii Fernald, Helianthemum bicknellii]
[Clavaria corniculata Schaeff., Clavaria fastigiata L., Clavaria muscoides O.F. Müll., Clavaria pratensis Pers., Clavulinopsis corniculata f. bispora Corner ex Pilát, Corallium pratense (Pers.) Hahn, Donkella corniculata (Schaeff.) Doty, Ramaria corniculata (Schaeff.) Gray, Ramaria fastigiata (L.) Holmsk., Ramaria pratensis (Pers.) Gray, Ramariopsis corniculata (Schaeff.) R.H. Petersen]
[Clavaria ceranoides Pers., Clavaria fusiformis Sowerby, Clavaria fusiformis var. ceranoides W.G. Sm., Clavaria inaequalis var. fusiformis (Sowerby) Fr., Clavaria platyclada Peck, Ramaria ceranoides (Pers.) Gray, Ramariopsis fusiformis (Sowerby) R.H. Petersen]
Upland-Conifer Forest, Lily Family
Rock Pigeons formerly bred on the Peterson farm. They are abundant on adjacent farms such as the one near 24 and Highway 65. They are no longer common on the area itself. A flock of 8 was observed by Sue Keator on May 13, 2014.
[Zenaidura graysoni, Zenaidura macroura, Zenaidura macroura carolinensis, Zenaidura macroura marginella]
Mourning Doves are common and conspicuous at Cedar Creek. They breed in the deciduous woodlands and savannas, though not in large numbers. Nests may be more common in adjacent residential areas. Nests in trees and bushes are more common than ground nests.
[Convolvulus sepium L., Convolvulus sepium f. coloratus Lepage]
[Convolvulus cirrhosus R. Br.]
[Clavaria farinosa (Holmsk.) Dicks., Coremium breve Petch, Coremium swantonii A.L. Sm., Isaria farinosa f. farinosa (Holmsk.) Fr., Paecilomyces farinosus (Holmsk.) A.H.S. Br. & G. Sm., Penicillium alboaurantium G. Sm., Ramaria farinosa Holmsk.]
[Cornus canadensis f. florulenta Lakela]
Upland-Conifer Forest, Dogwood Family
[Cornus foemina Mill., Cornus foemina subsp. racemosa (Lam.) J.S. Wilson, Cornus racemosa f. nielsenii John W. Moore]
Oak Savanna, Cór-nus, from Latin cornu, horn, because of the hard wood; ra-ce-mò-sa, racemose
Upland-Conifer Forest, Dogwood Family
[Cornus baileyi J.M. Coult. & W.H. Evans, Cornus californica C.A. Mey., Cornus instolonea A. Nelson, Cornus sericea subsp. sericea, Cornus stolonifera Michx., Cornus stolonifera var. baileyi (J.M. Coult. & W.H. Evans) Drescher, Cornus stolonifera var. stolonifera]
[Agaricus alboviolaceus Pers., Cortinarius alboviolaceus var. alboviolaceus (Pers.) Fr., Inoloma alboviolaceum (Pers.) Wünsche]
[Alnicola sphagneti (M.M. Moser) Romagn., Cortinarius palustris f. sphagneti (M.M. Moser) Nespiak, Cortinarius palustris var. sphagneti (M.M. Moser) Nezdojm., Cortinarius sphagneti Singer, Dermocybe palustris var. sphagneti M.M. Moser, Dermocybe sphagneti (M.M. Moser) M.M. Moser, Dermocybe tubaria (Ammirati & A.H. Sm.) Ammirati]
[Agaricus violaceus var. violaceus L., Gomphos violaceus (L.) Kuntze, Inoloma violaceum (L.) Wünsche]
[Corvus americanus]
Crows are present year round at Cedar Creek, and most are presumably resident. Nests are known from the interior of oak woods at Cedar Creek. Crows (along with raccoons) are probably the chief nest predators at Cedar Creek.
The first records of ravens at Cedar Creek were of single birds flying over the area on March 2, 1980, April 1 and 7, 1985, and March 31, 1986, and a bird feeding on a deer carcass on November 26, 1986. Ravens were present in the Cedar Creek area during the winter of 1987-88, and were recorded at Cedar Creek during all seasons in 1989, and in almost all seasons thereafter. Ravens nested in the tall pines south of Beckman Lake in 1990 and 1991, and probably prior to that, judging by the number of old nests there. Ravens did not nest there in 1994 or 1995, but a brood was along 26 west of Durant in 1995, so ravens nested somewhere in the Cedar Creek area. A raven brood was in the savanna west of Durant all summer in 2016. Ravens nested north of County road 24 and west of the creek in 2018. Cedar Creek is the farthest south in Minnesota that ravens are known to breed or consistently be recorded in every season.
Blue Jays are one of the characteristic birds of the oak forests and savannas. Studies of color-banded birds by Bill Hilton and Jean Vesall have shown that most jays at Cedar Creek are resident. Some migration through Cedar Creek takes place during the spring and fall, and it is likely that some Cedar Creek jays migrate south for the winter, especially in years when acorns are scarce. Jays probably nest in all the wooded portions of Cedar Creek. Jays have nested in very high density in the residential subdivision on the east side of Durant. The Blue Jay population at Cedar Creek apparently peaked in the 1980s. West Nile Virus may have contributed to the subsequent decline. Jays seem to have fully recovered a decade into the new century.
[Cractes obscurus]
The first Cedar Creek records for this northern species are from the winter of 1976-77. The first bird was seen on October 27, 1976 and the last on April 15, 1977. Gray Jays irrupted south that winter, probably due to drought in their normal range. The only other record is October 28, 1986 near Chickadee cabin.
Bosanko saw a Black-billed Magpie in October 1992 along 56 in section 16. Presumably the same bird was seen several times that fall 2-3 miles northeast of that location.
[Sedum purpurascens W.D.J.Koch, Sedum purpureum (L.) Schult.]
Red-backed voles are common at Cedar Creek ESR in both the deciduous and coniferous forest. They tend to be more common in the moist forest and are not often seen in buildings. They are cyclic and when the population is very high they can often be seen scurrying about when one walks quietly in the woods.
Meadow voles are prevalent in all the open grasslands at Cedar Creek ESR. In some years this highly prolific vole is probably the most abundant rodent on the property.
Muskrats are inhabitants of all the Cedar Creek marshes and streams with open water. Jim Krueger finds sign often near Fish Lake and Half and Half Island.
The white-footed mouse is considered a deciduous woodland species but at Cedar Creek ESR it may be encountered in any habit and in most of the buildings.
These two deer mice are common at Cedar Creek ESR and can be found in almost any habitat. Though these two subspecies are often distinct in the upper Great Lake states they can be hard to separate. Bairdii tends to be found in the more open parts of Cedar Creek ESR and gracilis in the woodlands.
These two deer mice are common at Cedar Creek ESR and can be found in almost any habitat. Though these two subspecies are often distinct in the upper Great Lake states they can be hard to separate. Bairdii tends to be found in the more open parts of Cedar Creek ESR and gracilis in the woodlands.
[Cronartium asclepiadeum var. quercuum Berk., Cronartium cerebrum (Peck) Hedgc. & Long, Cronartium fusiforme Hedgc. & N.R. Hunt, Cronartium quercus (Brond.) J. Schröt. ex Arthur, Dicaeoma quercus (G.H. Otth) Kuntze, Melampsora quercus (Brond.) J. Schröt., Peridermium cerebrum Peck, Peridermium fusiforme Arthur & F. Kern, Peridermium giganteum (Mayr) Tubeuf, Peridermium mexicanum Arthur & F. Kern, Puccinia quercus (Brond.) G.H. Otth, Uromyces quercus (Brond.) Lév.]
Yellow-billed Cuckoos are rare summer residents at Cedar Creek. They have been found in 1978, 1984, 1985, and 1986 near the laboratory.
Black-billed Cuckoos are in some years common in woodland edge and bushy areas. In other years, they are uncommon. Active nests have been found as late as early September. Cuckoos have been less common since the 1990s.
Upland-Conifer Forest, Cypress Family
[Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (Torr.) M.T. Strong, Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray]
[Bulbostylis capillaris var. crebra Fernald]
[Carex angustior Mack., Carex cephalantha (L.H. Bailey) E.P. Bicknell]
[Carex aenea Fernald, Carex aenea f. extrapolata Butters & Abbe, Carex aenea f. flumini-regalis Butters & Abbe]
[Carex dioica subsp. gynocrates (Wormsk. ex Drejer) Ostenf.]
[Carex hystericina f. gynaecandra Hermann]
[Carex heliophila Mack., Carex pensylvanica var. digyna Boeck.]
[Carex interior var. charlestonensis Clokey, Carex interior var. keweenawensis Hermann]
[Carex intumescens var. fernaldii L.H.Bailey]
[Carex lacustris var. lacustris]
[Carex lasiocarpa var. latifolia (Boeckeler) Gilly, Carex pellita Willdenow]
[Carex paupercula Michx.]
[Cyperus rivularis Kunth]
[Cyperus engelmannii Steud.]
[Cyperus aristatus Rottb.]
[Eriophorum spissum Fernald, Eriophorum vaginatum subsp. spissum (Fernald) Hultén, Eriophorum vaginatum var. spissum (Fernald) B. Boivin]
[Fimbristylis mucronulata (Michx.) S.F. Blake]
[Cyperus subsquarrosus (Muhl.) Bauters, Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax, Scirpus micranthus Vahl, Scirpus subsquarrosus Muhl.]
[Scirpus acutus Muhl. ex Bigelow]
[Scirpus pungens Vahl, Scirpus solispicatus Lunell]
[Schoenoplectiella smithii var. setosa (Fernald) Shiels & Monfils, Schoenoplectus smithii var. setosus (Fernald) S.G. Smith, Schoenoplectus smithii var. smithii]
[Scirpus subterminalis Torr.]
[Scirpus tabernaemontani C.C. Gmel., Scirpus validus Vahl, Scirpus validus var. creber]
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG & Indonesia; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: D.A. Simpson; reference: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families; Flora Malesiana Vol 7, Cyperaceae - I.; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1805
[Scirpus rubricosus Fernald]
[Scirpus clintonii A. Gray]
[Calocera cornes (Batsch) Fr., Calocera palmata Lloyd, Calocera striata (Hoffm.) Fr., Clavaria aculeiformis Bull., Clavaria cornea Batsch, Clavaria cornea var. aculeiformis (Bull.) Pers., Clavaria medullaris Holmsk., Clavaria striata Pers., Corynoides cornea (Batsch) Gray, Tremella aculeiformis (Bull.) Pers.]
[Dacrymyces palmatus Bres., Dacryopsis palmata (Schwein.) Lloyd]
[Pteris aquilina L.]
status: not endemic; distribution: not evaluated; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: none; reference: none; expert comment: none; basionym published: year not recorded
Opossums have been expanding their range and increasing their numbers in Minnesota over the last sixty years. Dave Bosanko recorded the first sighting on Cedar Creek ESR in 1981, a young male in the oak savanna, and also found a female with young in an old building in 1992. Opossums are rare in the natural habitats on Cedar Creek ESR and are more likely to be found near human habitation were they can scavenge for winter food. However, they may be found on occasion almost anywhere in almost any habitat. Increasing but not common – at least 2 seen in 2016 by Jim Krueger and one seen in 2017 by Caitlin Potter.
[Diervilla lonicera var. hypomalaca Mill.]
Upland-Conifer Forest, Honeysuckle Family
A few meadow jumping mice are probably always present in the brushy field edges at Cedar Creek ESR but they never seem to be very common. Bosanko came across less than a dozen in his twenty-five year tenure.
status: not endemic; distribution: PNG & Indonesia; growth habit: herbaceous; life form: not reported; verified by: R. Camara Leret; reference: FM5; expert comment: none; basionym published: 1753
[Athyrium angustum (Willd.) C. Presl, Athyrium angustum f. rubellum, Athyrium filix-femina subsp. angustum (Willdenow) Clausen, Athyrium filix-femina var. michauxii (Spreng.) Farw., Athyrium filix-femina var. rubellum Gilbert]
[Aspidium spinulosum Willd., Dryopteris spinulosa var. spinulosa (O.F. Müll.) Watt]
[Dryopteris linnaeana C. Chr., Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée]
[Elaphomyces variegatus Vittad., Lycoperdastrum variegatum (Vittad.) O. Kuntze]
[Agaricus abortivus Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Clitopilus abortivus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc., Rhodophyllus abortivus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Singer]
[Agaricus sinuatus Bull., Entoloma eulividum Noordel., Entoloma lividum (Bull.) Quél., Rhodophyllus lividus (Bull.) Quél., Rhodophyllus sinuatus (Bull.) Quél.]
[Equisetum arvense var. boreale Bongard]
[Equisetum hyemale var. intermedium A.A. Eaton, Equisetum kansanum J.H. Schaffn.]
[Equisetum sylvaticum f. multiramosum Fernald, Equisetum sylvaticum var. multiramosum (Fernald) Wherry, Equisetum sylvaticum var. pauciramosum Milde]
Bosanko saw one live porcupine and one dead one at Cedar Creek ESR between 1983 and 2002, but most of the time there are probably none in residence on the reserve. Jim Krueger and Troy Mielke have never seen them in their time at CCESR.
[Andromeda glaucophylla Link]
[Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. coactilis Fernald & J.F.Macbr.]
Upland-Conifer Forest, Shin-leaf Family
[Chiogenes hispidula (L.) Torr. & A. Gray]
Upland-Conifer Forest, Heath Family
[Hypopitys monotropa Cranz]
[Pyrola secunda L., Pyrola secunda var. obtusata Turcz., Pyrola secunda var. secunda]
Upland-Conifer Forest, Shin-leaf Family
[Pyrola americana Sweet, Pyrola rotundifolia var. americana (Sweet) Fernald]
Upland-Conifer Forest, Shin-leaf Family
[Ledum groenlandicum Oeder]
[Vaccinium angustifolium var. laevifolium House, Vaccinium angustifolium var. nigrum (Alph. Wood) Dole, Vaccinium lamarckii Camp.]
Upland-Conifer Forest, Heath Family
[Oxycoccus macrocarpos (Aiton) Pursh]
[Vaccinium pensylvanicum var. myrtilloides (Michx.) Fernald]
Upland-Conifer Forest, Heath Family
[Oxycoccus oxycoccos (L.) MacMill., Oxycoccus palustris Pers., Oxycoccus quadripetalus Gilib.]
[Euphorbia campestris var. subpuberula Greenman, Euphorbia orizabae Boiss.]
[Chamaesyce geyeri (Engelm.) Small, Chamaesyce geyeri var. geyeri (Engelm.) Small]
[Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small, Chamaesyce glyptosperma var. integrata Lunell]
[Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small, Chamaesyce supina (Raf.) H. Hara, Euphorbia supina Raf.]
[Exobasidium vaccinii var. vaccinii (Fuckel) Woronin]
[Amorpha brachycarpa E.J. Palmer]
[Amphicarpa bracteata (L.) Fernald, Amphicarpaea comosa (L.) G. Don ex Loudon]
[Baptisia albescens Small]
[Petalostemon candidum (Willd.) Michx.]
[Petalostemon candidus (Willd.) Michx.]
[Petalostemon purpureus (Vent.) Rydb.]
[Petalostemon villosus Nutt.]