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Stems
stem length
15 cm to 30 cm
30+cm to 100 cm
1+m to 1.25 m
1.25+m to 1.5 m
1.5+m to 1.75 m
1.75+m to 2 m
2+m
stem prickles: abundance
absent
0 - 1 per cm of stem
1 - 3 per cm of stem
3 - 5 per cm of stem
5 - 7 per cm of stem
7 - 9 per cm of stem
9 - 20 per cm of stem
20+ per cm of stem
flowering stem (floricane): orientation
erect or ascending (tip pointing upward)
arching (tip pointing downward)
prostrate on vegetation
trailing over the ground
arching to the ground, rooting at the tip
trailing over the ground, rooting at the tip
flowering stem (floricane): glandularity
gland-tipped hairs present
gland-tipped hairs absent
vegetative stem (primocane): orientation
erect or ascending (tips pointing upward)
arching (tip pointing downward)
prostrate on vegetation
trailing over the ground
arching and rooting at the tip
trailing over the ground, rooting at the tip
vegetative stem (primocane): glandularity
gland-tipped hairs present
gland-tipped hairs absent
Leaves
primocane leaves configuration
simple (may be lobed but not compound)
palmately compound with 3 leaflets
palmately compound with 5 leaflets
pinnately compound with 5 leaflets
primocane leaves: color
lower surface distinctly green
lower surface whitish or silvery
primocane leaves vestiture
lower surface smooth to the touch
lower surface velvety to the touch
central leaflet of primocane leaf: base
rounded
tapered
cordate or subcordate
central leaflet of primocane: shape
ovate
obovate
elliptic
central leaflet of primocane: proportions (length divided by width)
1 - 1.6
1.6+ - 1.9
1.9+ - 2.5
Inflorescence
inflorescence: form
raceme
corymb, cyme, or ascendate
inflorescence: glandularity
gland-tipped hairs present on pedicels/peduncles
gland-tipped hairs absent on pedicels/peduncles
Stipules
stipules: length
0.5 mm to 2 cm long
2+ cm to 3.5 cm long
Flowers
flowers: sepal length
3 mm to 5 mm
5+ mm to 7 mm
7+ mm to 9 mm
9+ mm to 12 mm
12+ mm
Interactive Key to Minnesota Rubus
Welby Smith, Tim Whitfeld, Mark Widrlechner, George Weiblen
Species Count: 41
Rosaceae
Rubus ablatus
Rubus acridens
Rubus allegheniensis
Rubus alumnus
Rubus arcticus
Rubus canadensis
Rubus chamaemorus
Rubus dissensus
Rubus elegantulus
Rubus ferrofluvius
Rubus frondosus
Rubus fulleri
Rubus glandicaulis
Rubus groutianus
Rubus heterophyllus
Rubus idaeus
Rubus illecebrosus
Rubus ithacanus
Rubus missouricus
Rubus multifer
Rubus multiformis
Rubus navus
Rubus occidentalis
Rubus parviflorus
Rubus pubescens
Rubus quaesitus
Rubus recurvans
Rubus regionalis
Rubus roribaccus
Rubus rosa
Rubus satis
Rubus semisetosus
Rubus steelei
Rubus stipulatus
Rubus superioris
Rubus uniformis
Rubus vermontanus
Rubus wheeleri
Rubus wisconsinensis
Rubus x neglectus
Rubus x paracaulis